Evaluation of dogs with macroscopic haematuria: a retrospective study of 162 cases (2003–2010)

Adαmama-Moraitou, K. K.; Pardali, Dimitra; Prassinos, N. N.; Menexes, George; Patsikas, M. N.; Rallis, Timoleon

doi:10.1080/00480169.2017.1316529

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A normal urine sediment should contain very little erythrocytes, depending on the way the urine was obtained. The threshold of microscopic hematuria in human medicine is 3 erythrocytes/hpf, as established by the American Urological Association (Adamama-Moraitou et al, 2017;Grossfeld et al 2001). The limit value of microscopic hematuria in veterinary medicine is set to ≥8 erythrocyte/hpf in fresh urine, to ≥5 for the urine samples obtained by catheterization, and to ≥3 erythrocyte/hpf for samples collected by cystocentesis (Chew and Di Bartol, 2004).…”

Section: Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hematuria may be a consequence of a minor or an abundant bleeding, caused by lesions of distal or proximal parts of the urinary tract, or the consequence of a systemic coagulopathy (Figure 1). In dogs and cats, hematuria is most commonly a consequence of the lower urinary system disease (Adamama-Moraitou, 2017;White et al, 2008;Forrester, 2004). It may also be caused by infections, inflammatory diseases, stones, trauma, haematological disorders, prostate enlargement and tumors (Kardum-Skelin, 2004;Sharma et al, 2009;Nakamura et al, 2009;Knežević et al, 2011).…”

Section: Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of 80% and more of the dysmorphic erythrocytes during urinary sediment analysis in presented microscopic fields (Figure . 2) indicates bleeding from the upper part of the urinary tract, while 80% and more of the smooth (normal) erythrocytes in presented microscopic fields indicate bleeding from the lower part of the urinary tract (Kardum-Skelin, 2004;Knežević et al, 2011). Renal causes of hematuria include glomerular diseases and non-glomerular states including neoplasia, nephroliths, trauma, pielonephritis and idiopathic kidney hematuria (Adamama-Moraitou, 2017;Forrester, 2004). Hematuria is not a pronounced characteristic of glomerular disease in cats and dogs (Nash et al 1979, Cook andCowgill, 1996).…”

Section: Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of organic urine sediment analysis in the monitoring of renal diseases

Katica¹,

Ahmed²,

Salkić³

et al. 2019

Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques

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Cytological analysis of urine sediment is an integral part of urine analysis and a useful, cost-effective diagnostic tool for all routine clinical examinations, which can sometimes be overlooked in veterinary practice. Proper handling and timely urine sample analysis are essential for valid microscopic analysis. Microscopic urinary sediment testing is usually carried out with stained or unstained specimen. A common urine may contain a small number of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes, epithelial cells) of several crystals, spermatozoids (male animals). In contrast, a large number of cells or casts, the presence of unusual types of crystals, neoplastic cells, parasites, and microorganisms refer to abnormal findings and thus require a specialized diagnostic approach. Correct identification of organic components of the urinary sediment are crucial for accurate and timely diagnosis of kidney disorders. Laboratory experts should be trained to properly identify and classify organic components of the urinary tract.

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Section: Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hematuriamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of organic urine sediment analysis in the monitoring of renal diseases

Katica¹,

Ahmed²,

Salkić³

et al. 2019

Journal of Advances in VetBio Science and Techniques

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“…Bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI), whether presumptive or confirmed, is a common motive for consultation in small animal practice and accounts for 6-12 % of antimicrobial prescriptions in dogs [6][7][8][9]. A lifetime prevalence of UTI of 14 % has been reported in dogs [10] with a marked predisposition among females [10,11] due to the shorter urethral length and increased incidence of bacteriuria compared to males [12]. Clinical suspicion of a UTI is based on the presentation of compatible lower urinary tract signs (pollakiuria, dysuria/ stranguria and haematuria).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective trial of different antimicrobial treatment durations for presumptive canine urinary tract infections

et al. 2021

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Background Avoidance of unnecessary antimicrobial administration is a key tenet of antimicrobial stewardship; knowing the optimal duration of therapy obviates over-treatment. However, little research has been performed to establish course lengths for common canine infections. In clinical practice, antimicrobial therapy is frequently prescribed in dogs presenting lower urinary tract signs (haematuria, pollakiuria and dysuria/stranguria). The proposed length of treatment in International Consensus guidelines has decreased with each iteration, but these recommendations remain arbitrary and largely extrapolated from experience in people. Methods The objective of this prospective, multi-centre study is to find the shortest course duration that is non-inferior to the standard duration of 7 days of amoxicillin/clavulanate in terms of clinical outcomes for female dogs with lower urinary tract signs consistent with a urinary tract infection. An electronic data capture platform will be used by participating veterinarians working in clinical practice in the United Kingdom. Eligible dogs must be female, aged between 6 months and 10 years and have lower urinary tract signs of up to seven days’ duration. Enrolment will be offered in cases where the case clinician intends to prescribe antimicrobial therapy. Automatic pseudo-randomisation to treatment group will be based on the day of presentation (Monday-Friday); all antimicrobial courses will be completed on the Sunday after presentation generating different treatment durations. Follow-up data will be collected 1, 8 and 22–26 days after completion of the antimicrobial course to ensure effective safety netting, and to monitor short-term outcome and recurrence rates. Informed owner consent will be obtained in all cases. The study is approved by the Ethical Review Board of the University of Nottingham and has an Animal Test Certificate from the Veterinary Medicine’s Directorate. Discussion This study has been designed to mirror current standards of clinical management; conclusions should therefore, be widely applicable and guide practising veterinarians in their antimicrobial decision-making process. A duration-response curve will be created allowing determination of the optimal treatment duration for the management of female dogs with lower urinary tract signs. It is hoped that these results will contribute valuable information to improve future antimicrobial stewardship as part of a wider one-health perspective.

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“…Based on the time of hematuria during micturition, three different conditions can be distinguished: total hematuria that indicates the presence of blood during the entire time of micturition and is usually associated with disorders of the kidneys, ureters or urinary bladder rather than severe coagulopathies; terminal hematuria which indicates the presence of blood during the last fraction of voided urine and terminal squeezing of the bladder, generally related to bladder diseases; initial hematuria, that is the detection of blood during the fi rst phase of urination which can be related to urethral or genital tract diseases [1,2]. In the latter case, the loss of blood could be spontaneous and, when it occurs independently of urination, it is defi ned as hemorrhagic discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penile Foreign Bodies in Dogs: A Retrospective Study

et al. 2019

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Hematuria, or preputial hemorrhagic discharge, is an extremely common clinical sign; it can be associated with a wide range of diseases, including, even if only rarely, penile foreign bodies. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe the diagnosis and therapy involving migration from the preputial ostium or penile urethra of a foreign body (awn grass) embedded in the connective tissue surrounding the penis, or in deeper inguinal tissues, in dogs with hematuria or preputial hemorrhagic discharge. In the selected cases, signaling, history, clinical signs, results of laboratory exams, endoscopic and ultrasonographic evaluation, and the technique used for foreign body removal were evaluated. Dogs with hemorrhagic discharge consequent to a penile foreign body represented 2% of the entire population considered. At physical examination, the most common features were the presence of swelling of the glans and hyperemia associated with a penile fistula (4/6 dogs), and pain during penile exteriorization (3/6 dogs). Laboratory results showed mild neutrophilic leukocytosis in 2/3 dogs and reticulocytosis in 1/3 dogs. Endoscopy, performed in 2/6 dogs, did not reveal any alterations associated with passage of the foreign body. Ultrasonography was useful in reaching a definitive diagnosis, identifying the position of the grass awn in 6/6 cases and permitting its removal in all dogs using an ultrasound-guided technique. This case report suggested that penile foreign bodies are a rare, but possible, cause of hematuria or hemorrhagic discharge in male dogs, and that ultrasonography is a useful technique in the making of a differential diagnosis and removal of foreign bodies.

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Evaluation of dogs with macroscopic haematuria: a retrospective study of 162 cases (2003–2010)

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

The role of organic urine sediment analysis in the monitoring of renal diseases

The role of organic urine sediment analysis in the monitoring of renal diseases

Prospective trial of different antimicrobial treatment durations for presumptive canine urinary tract infections

Penile Foreign Bodies in Dogs: A Retrospective Study

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