Evaluation of disinfected and untreated drinking water supplies in chile by the h2s paper strip test

Castillo, G. F. Torres del; Duarte, Rafael Mendonça; Ruiz, Z.; Marucic, M.T.; Honorato, B.; Mercado, Ruth Gabriela Ulloa; Coloma, V.; Lorca, Valeria Riedemann; Martins, Maria Therezinha; Dutka, B. J.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)90249-6

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…22 Culture-based and molecular analysis of environmental water samples, however, have shown strong relationships between positive H 2 S tests and fecal microorganisms, including coliform and non-coliform species. 23,24 To directly evaluate the H 2 S test as a drinking water management tool in low-resource settings, our study focused on two objectives: 1) to conduct a comparative analysis of drinking water quality indicators (H 2 S, total coliforms, and E. coli); and 2) to estimate the associations between the water quality indicators and diarrhea among children 5 years of age. We conducted this analysis as part of a 12-month longitudinal cohort study in rural Southern India, designed to measure the effect of a combined sanitation, water supply, and hygiene intervention program on child health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H2S as an Indicator of Water Supply Vulnerability and Health Risk in Low-Resource Settings: A Prospective Cohort Study

Khush

Arnold²,

Srikanth³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In this large-scale longitudinal study conducted in rural Southern India, we compared a presence/absence hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) test with quantitative assays for total coliforms and Escherichia coli as measures of water quality, health risk, and water supply vulnerability to microbial contamination. None of the three indicators showed a significant association with child diarrhea. The presence of H 2 S in a water sample was associated with higher levels of total coliform species that may have included E. coli but that were not restricted to E. coli. In addition, we observed a strong relationship between the percent positive H 2 S test results and total coliform levels among water source samples (R 2 = 0.87). The consistent relationships between H 2 S and total coliform levels indicate that presence/absence of H 2 S tests provide a cost-effective option for assessing both the vulnerability of water supplies to microbial contamination and the results of water quality management and risk mitigation efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H2S as an Indicator of Water Supply Vulnerability and Health Risk in Low-Resource Settings: A Prospective Cohort Study

Khush

Arnold²,

Srikanth³

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Also it is clear that if the temperature is between 28 -44˚C blackening could be obtained within 48 hours. Castillo et al(1994) who incubated the samples at 30 -35˚C, and Ratto et al (1989) and Kasper et al (1992), who incubated the natural samples at 22 and 35˚C, remarked that the effectiveness of the method was independent of the incubation method or the temperature. However in the present study, it was noted that if the temperature was between 28 -44˚C the end result could be obtained within 48 hours and a still lower temperature of 22˚C may take up to 90 hours to report the presence of faecal contamination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hydrogen sulphide paper strip method (H 2 S Method) was developed for testing water.in case of an emergency when frequent testing of large numbers of samples becomes essential. The method has the advantage that it is less expensive, can give a faster result, could be carried out by a local person after being trained and was found to have a good correlation with the standard methods when tested in different parts of the world (Castillo et al, 1994;Grant and Ziel, 1996;Hewison et al, 1988;Kromoredjo and Fujioka, 1991;Ratto et al, 1989;Sivaborvorn and Dutka, 1989). A higher percentage of positive samples noted with the H 2 S method was suggested to be due to non-Enterobacteriacea such as Clostridium perfringens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HS paper strip method ? A bacteriological test for faecal coliforms in drinking water at various temperatures

1999

Water Science and Technology

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Epidemics arising from waterborne diseases are a global health problem. Faecal contamination of drinking water is the main cause of these outbreaks. According to WHO (1996) for drinking water to be safe, a 100mL sample should not contain any coliform bacteria. The standard methods currently used for routine testing have many limitations especially when applied in remote areas. The H 2 S Method has been developed as an on-site, inexpensive and easy to use method to test drinking water for remote and rural areas.The present work analyses the reliability of the H 2 S method for detecting faecal contamination in drinking water. The minimum level of faecal coliforms that could be detected and the incubation period required at various levels of contamination were studied. The range of temperatures at which the method was effective and the incubation period required at various temperatures were also determined. The H 2 S method was found to be able to detect contamination down to a level of 1 CFU/100mL of coliform bacteria. Although the H 2 S method could be used at a temperature range of 20 to 44 o C, temperatures between 28 to 37 o C gave faster results. An incubation period of only 24 hours was required at 37 o C, which was found to be the most suitable incubation temperature. The incubation period increased with a decrease or increase in temperature.

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“…Klebsiella pneumoneae is found to be less susceptible to the extract with average zone of inhibition of 13mm. According to Castillo et al (1999) as a general rule, plant seed extract are considered active against both fungi and bacteria. Kaspar et al (1999) also concluded that aqueous extract of Moringa seeds showed very strong and superior anti-microbial activity especially against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aures and Bacillus subtilis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Control of Water Pollution at Challawa Industrial Area Kumbotso Local Government, Kano using Moringa oleifera Seed Extract

Asiya¹,

Ali²

2017

GJBS

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Water purification and reduction of water borne diseases is a major public health goal. The study was aimed to utilize Moringa oleifera seeds extract for purification of ground water at Challawa industrial area Kumbotso Local Government Kano State, Nigeria. Ground water was collected from four different locations in the area. All water samples were subjected to bacteriological and physiological analysis using standard laboratory methods. Extract from the seeds of Moringa oleifera was used in the process of purifying the water as antibacterial and anticoagulant agent. The result showed that 5 bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter spp and Klebsiella pneumoneae) were recovered and all were susceptible to Moringa oleifera seeds extract. The most susceptible isolate is E. coli with aveage zone of inhibition of 17.82 mm while Klebsiella pneumoneae is the least susceptible with average zone of inhibition of 13.00 mm. The turbidity assessment showed that at a concentration of 1000mg/L the Moringa seed suspension can reduce the turbidity of ground water from 4NTU to 1NTU after exposing for 90 minutes. Moringa, therefore, could be regarded as one of the remedy to reduce the incidence of water borne disease leading to high incidence of death especially in the developing world.

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Evaluation of disinfected and untreated drinking water supplies in chile by the h2s paper strip test

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

H2S as an Indicator of Water Supply Vulnerability and Health Risk in Low-Resource Settings: A Prospective Cohort Study

H2S as an Indicator of Water Supply Vulnerability and Health Risk in Low-Resource Settings: A Prospective Cohort Study

HS paper strip method ? A bacteriological test for faecal coliforms in drinking water at various temperatures

Biological Control of Water Pollution at Challawa Industrial Area Kumbotso Local Government, Kano using Moringa oleifera Seed Extract

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