Evaluation of Different Waterway Modelling Techniques for Real Time Digital Simulator Applications

Implementation and Evaluation of a Complex Pumped-Storage Hydropower Plant with Four Units, Common Penstock, and Surge Tank in a Real-Time Digital Simulator

“…During the normal operation of the plant, the changes caused by the action of Figure 10. The results reproduced from [16]: (a) RTDS results for the water flow in the penstock due to a 0.5 pu decrease in the power setpoint for different waterway models; (b) RTDS results for water flow in the penstock due to a 0.5 pu increase in the power setpoint for different waterway models.…”

“…In [16], the RTDS results for the three main modeling methodologies for a waterway, including the rigid model, the polynomial approximation of a hyperbolic function, and the lumped parameter approach (with 2 sections and 10 sections of the conduit) on a simple power system with one hydropower unit as depicted in Figure 4 are compared. The following diagrams, Figures 8-10, present the results from [16]:…”

“…In [16], the RTDS results for the three main modeling methodologies for a waterway, including the rigid model, the polynomial approximation of a hyperbolic function, and the lumped parameter approach (with 2 sections and 10 sections of the conduit) on a simple power system with one hydropower unit as depicted in Figure 4 According to [16], the correct model of a penstock can be achieved either by the lumped parameter approach with a high number of sections or by a polynomial approximation of the hyperbolic function method; however, for a long penstock, the high number of sections in the lumped parameter approach can raise the computational burden on an RTDS in addition to the higher complexity and order of the state space equations for the whole system in the RTDS.…”

“…According to [16], the correct model of a penstock can be achieved either by the lumped parameter approach with a high number of sections or by a polynomial approximation of the hyperbolic function method; however, for a long penstock, the high number of sections in the lumped parameter approach can raise the computational burden on an RTDS in addition to the higher complexity and order of the state space equations for the whole system in the RTDS.…”

“…One significant hydraulic part of a pumped-storage hydropower plant is a waterway including water tunnels, surge tank, and penstocks, since they play an integral role in the transient and dynamic behavior of hydropower plants. In [16], the authors evaluated different waterway modelling techniques for RTDS applications. In this paper, the three main techniques for modelling a waterway, including the rigid model [17], the lumped parameter approach [18], and the polynomial approximation of a hyperbolic function [19], were modeled, simulated, tested, and discussed.…”