Evaluation of different dose rate combinations of ketamine, romifidine and azaperone for castration of 3-4 and 5-6 weeks old piglets

Abstract

In this study dose rate combinations of ketamine, aza perone and romifidine were tested in 34 (G34) and 56 weeks (G56) old piglets according to a dose rate decision tree (DRT) to provide calm anaesthesia induc tion, reactionfree anaesthesia for castration and smooth recovery within 2 hours. When a combination failed to meet those criteria in 2 piglets, the next dosage of the DRT was tested. In G34 four combinations were tested in 14 piglets with dose rates of 1020 mg/kg ketamine, 3 mg/kg azaperone and 0.150.20 mg/kg romifidine IM. Induction was smooth in all piglets, but depth of anaes thesia or recovery (11 and 6 piglets) were insufficient. In G56 five combinations were tested in 37 piglets with dose rates of 1020 mg/kg ketamine, 34 mg/kg azape rone and 0.150.20 mg/kg romifidine IM. Induction was smooth in all piglets but 2. Depth of anaesthesia or re covery (17 and 7 piglets, respectively) were insufficient. In the present study with 34 and 56 weeks old piglets, acceptable quality of anaesthesia could not be achieved despite using high drug dose rates.

Colloidal Gold Immunochromatographic Strip Assay for the Detection of Azaperone in Pork and Pork Liver

“…Intramuscular injection of this drug is used to relieve tension in animals and reduce their activity. − It can make animals indifferent to their environment and keep them in a quiet state for a long term, which is conducive to avoiding fighting when animals live together and in mixed groups. Therefore, it is often used for animals such as pigs during long-distance transportation. − With the widespread application of this drug in veterinary medicine, the problem of its residue in animal tissues and the direct harm to human health caused by its toxic side effects have attracted extensive attention. Through the food chain, azaperone still accumulates in the human body, causing a series of adverse reactions such as cardiovascular effects, decreased arterial pressure, skin vasodilation, and heart rate reduction.…”