Evaluation of decomposition products of EMImCl·1.5AlCl3 during aluminium electrodeposition with different analytical methods

Poetz, Sandra; Handel, Patricia; Fauler, Gisela; Fuchsbichler, Bernd; Schmuck, Martin; Koller, Stefan

doi:10.1039/c3ra46249h

Cited by 10 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, the most promising way to obtain high energy density and power capability on a limited surface area is to integrate current collectors in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration. [61][62][63][64][65] Three-dimensional current collectors can potentially offer several advantages like the possibility of higher mass loading without delamination of electrode materials or enhanced penetration due to the high surface area. [66] In this regard, electrodeposition has been the method of choice to coat and/or modify conducting surfaces with complicated geometries, even at low temperatures.…”

Section: Current Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage Materials Synthesized from Ionic Liquids

et al. 2014

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The advent of ionic liquids (ILs) as eco-friendly and promising reaction media has opened new frontiers in the field of electrochemical energy storage. Beyond their use as electrolyte components in batteries and supercapacitors, ILs have unique properties that make them suitable as functional advanced materials, media for materials production, and components for preparing highly engineered functional products. Aiming at offering an in-depth review on the newly emerging IL-based green synthesis processes of energy storage materials, this Review provides an overview of the role of ILs in the synthesis of materials for batteries, supercapacitors, and green electrode processing. It is expected that this Review will assess the status quo of the research field and thereby stimulate new thoughts and ideas on the emerging challenges and opportunities of IL-based syntheses of energy materials.

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Section: Current Collectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Storage Materials Synthesized from Ionic Liquids

et al. 2014

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“…In addition to this factor, improvements in the atmospheric control systems that can produce very low concentrations of water and oxygen also contributes to this revival. When the atmosphere in the electroplating cell is controlled appropriately, deterioration of the electroplating bath by chemical stress is not recognized at temperatures below 368 K. 49,50 Figure 5 shows chromatograms of the standard imidazole mix consisting of plausible degradation products, fresh ionic liquid, ionic liquid after long-term storage, and 60.0 mol% AlCl 3 -[C 2 mim]Cl after the electrodeposition of Al. 49 On the basis of this data, we can say that the chloroaluminate RTIL is stable below 363 K. However, decomposition of the [C 2 mim] + cation, especially through cleavage of the alkyl chain, is initiated at 368 K. 50 In order to simplify the conditions for practical plating, two different research groups have proposed a biphasic plating bath for the electrodeposition of Al from chloroaluminates in air by covering the bath with a layer of an immiscible, low vapor pressure hydrophobic organic solvent, such as decane.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this article, we review the progress in the area of electrochemical technology with Lewis acidic haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), such as AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and AlBr 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and novel chloroaluminate mixtures consisting of AlCl 3 and polarizable molecules, e.g., dimethylsulfone and urea, during this decade. The number of researchers in the field seems to increase steadily, because now we can handle haloaluminate RTILs and their mixtures with other solvents and materials more easily than we could in the past. In this review, we have categorized the electrochemical technology based on these RTILs into two topics: electroplating and energy storage. In fact, much of the current research is based on work begun during the period from ∼1970 until the 1990's. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which is a name synonymous with room-temperature molten salts, have received considerable attention as novel reaction media, liquid materials, and starting materials for functional carbon material. (The name "ionic liquid" was arbitrarily chosen to represent what are actually salts that liquefy at temperatures below 373 K.) The interest in these materials stems from their favorable physicochemical properties, such as low-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, relatively high ionic conductivity, and high electrochemical stability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It is now common knowledge in the chemistry community that many RTILs are stable in air or even water. The "first generation ionic liquids" were difficult to handle because the typical anions known at that time, e.g., AlCl 4 − and Al 2 Cl 7 − , reacted strongly with moisture in the air. Only a very limited number of laboratories with special skills for handling them could effectively use these RTILs. No doubt, the flourishing interest in RTIL chemistry was heavily abetted by the discovery of air and water stable systems, i.e., the so-called "second generation ionic liquids".However, we should not devalue the first generation systems such as those based on quaternary organic halide salts and aluminum halides, e.g., AlBr 3 and AlCl 3 , known as haloaluminates. The reactivity of the haloaluminates as well as their adjustable Lewis acidity is precisely what makes them interesting and very versatile. By contrast, the second-generation "inert" ionic liquids, are just that: inert and nonreactive, both chemically and electrochemically. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity and viscosity of the haloaluminates, which are important factors for the electrochemical applications described herein, exceed those for the comparable second-generation RTILs. For example, the ionic conductivity and viscosity for 60.0-40.0 mole percent (or 60 mol%) AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 2 mim]Cl) are 17.1 mS cm −1 and 15.35 mPa s, respectively, at 298 K.8 (In the interest of brevity, we will refer to the composition of these ionic liquids by simply stating only the amount of the aluminum halide.) On the other ...

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“…Figure 5 illustrates the electro-polymerization of EMIMS on CPE/CuNWs, which was performed by dipping the CPE/CuNWs in PBS (pH 5.5) containing 0.1 M EMIMS by scanning range from 800 to 1200 mV for 30 cycles at the scan rate of 50 mV/s. [44][45][46] Electrochemical Behavior of ET-HCl. The oxidation peak current response increased drastically by the electropolymerization cycles were raised from the 5 to 30.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Preparation of Ionic Liquid‐coated Copper Nanowire‐modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Etilefrine Drug

Venkateswarlu

Venu

Reddy

et al. 2019

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

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A carbon paste electrode (CPE)/Cu nanowire (Cu NW)/poly(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate) based sensor was successfully fabricated by the electro-polymerization of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate (EMIMS) onto the surface of Cu nanowires-modified carbon paste electrode. The morphology and chemical nature of Cu NWs were characterized by FTIR, FE-SEM, TEM, XRD techniques. The CPE/CuNWs/poly(EMIMS) showed an electrocatalytic activity toward the determination of etilefrine hydrochloride (ET-HCl) in the 0.11 M buffer solution of phosphate at pH 7.0. The CPE/CuNWs/poly (EMIMS) showed an excellent limit of detection (LOD) 2.3 μM over the linear dynamic range of 0.1 to 1.3 μM. The prepared CPE/CuNWs/poly(EMIMS) has exhibited high stability, good sensitivity, and low detection limit for the determination of ET-HCl. The validity of this advanced method was checked by applying in the blood plasma samples, with satisfactory results. This novel CPE/CuNWs/poly(EMIMS) can be an attractive material for the applications in biomedical and sensor fields.

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Evaluation of decomposition products of EMImCl·1.5AlCl3 during aluminium electrodeposition with different analytical methods

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Energy Storage Materials Synthesized from Ionic Liquids

Energy Storage Materials Synthesized from Ionic Liquids

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Facile Preparation of Ionic Liquid‐coated Copper Nanowire‐modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Etilefrine Drug

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