Evaluation of decellularized tilapia skin as a tissue engineering scaffold

Abstract

Decellularized bovine and porcine tissues have been used as scaffolds to support tissue regeneration but inherit religious restrictions and risks of disease transmission to humans. Decellularized marine tissues are seen as attractive alternatives due to their similarity to mammalian tissues, reduced biological risks, and less religious restrictions. The aim of this study was to derive an acellular scaffold from the skin of tilapia and evaluate its suitability as a tissue engineering scaffold. Tilapia skin was treated with a series of chemical and enzymatic treatments to remove cellular materials. The decellularized tilapia skin (DTS) was then characterized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo to assess its biological compatibility. The results indicated that the decellularization process removed 99.6% of the DNA content from tilapia skin. The resultant DTS was shown to possess a high denaturation temperature of 68.1 ± 1.0°C and a high Young's modulus of 56.2 ± 14.4 MPa. The properties of DTS were also compared against those of crosslinked electrospun tilapia collagen membrane, another form of tilapia‐derived collagen scaffold. In vitro studies revealed that both DTS and crosslinked electrospun tilapia collagen promoted cellular metabolic activity, differentiation, and mineralization of murine preosteogenic MC3T3‐E1 cells. The rat calvarial defect model was used to evaluate the in vivo performance of the scaffolds, and both scaffolds did not induce hyperacute rejections. Furthermore, they enhanced bone regeneration in the critical defect compared with the sham control. This study suggests that tilapia‐derived scaffolds have great potential in tissue engineering applications.

Injectable decellularized nucleus pulposus tissue exhibits neuroinhibitory properties

“…This may be due to the cells recognizing the decellularized tissue and acting on cues that the tissue gives the cells, whereas the collagen gel would not have these same cues due to the lack of decellularized tissue. Similar phenomena have been demonstrated with cells on other decellularized tissues, with increases in metabolism by these cells when cultured on the decellularized tissue 67,68 . Increases in anabolic gene expression have also been demonstrated with stem cells cultured on decellularized NP tissue compared to controls, which would suggest an increase in metabolism as well 42,44 .…”

Homemade Bread: Repurposing an Ancient Technology forin vitroTissue Engineering

“…The inherent porosity of the bread crumb along with its simple production method results in a potentially useful biomaterial that can be utilized for in vitro 3D cell culture. Proof-of-concept studies presented here support the use of bread-based scaffolds in biomedical applications of soft tissue, muscle and bone engineering [8,9,20,21] . Much more work will be required to fully elucidate how such a scaffold may be used in these contexts in a clinical setting, if at all, however the results benefit from knowledge gained through previous studies on plant polymers and reveal a novel path forward.…”

Tissue-Specific Decellularization Methods: Rationale and Strategies to Achieve Regenerative Compounds

“…Among the experimental research examples, the first step is always the mechanical isolation of the dermal layer, which is obtained by individual or combined chemical, physical, and biological methods supplemented with agitation. Dermal tissue can be incubated in hypotonic buffer for cell lysing [129] before the dermal decellularization step, which is usually carried out with detergents such as Triton X-100, DOC, N-lauroylsarcosinate (NLS), or SDS, and often in combination with trypsin, BSA, EDTA, and/or dispase [25,76,124,[129][130][131][132]. Detergents can be also combined with acids and bases for the hydrolytic degradation of residual nucleic acids or even hair, but they can damage the ECM [109].…”