Evaluation of day of hatch exposure to various Enterobacteriaceae on inducing gastrointestinal inflammation in chicks through two weeks of age

Abstract

Inappropriate microbial colonization can induce gastrointestinal ( GI ) inflammation may predispose poultry to opportunistic infections and reduce growth performance. Four independent experiments were completed to test ability of select Enterobacteriaceae isolates to induce GI inflammation. Experiments 1 and 2 included a non-inoculated control ( NC ), and a low ( L ), medium ( M ), or high ( H ) day of hatch ( DOH ) oral inoculation level. In experiment 1, birds in L1, M1, and H1 received 10 2 to 10 4 CFU of a mixed dose of 2 species of Citrobacter and Salmonella Enteritidis LB (SE). In experiment 2, birds in L2, M2, and H2 received 10 3 to 10 5 CFU of E. coli LG (LG) and included NC. Body weight was recorded on d 0, 7, and 14, with blood collected for chicken serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein ( A1GP ) measurements on d14. Neither experiment resulted in differences in BWG, however, A1GP was increased ( P < 0.05) on d 14 when DOH inoculation dose 10 3 CFU/chick was used compared to NC. This observed increase in A1GP resulted in selection of 10 3 CFU/chick for DOH inoculation in experiments 3 and 4. Experiment 3 consisted of NC, E. coli Huff (Huff), and SE. On d 0, 7 and 15, BW was measured, with blood collected on d 15 for A1GP. Both d 15 A1GP and BWG from d 7 to 15 were reduced in inoculated chicks, Huff and SE, in experiment 3 ( P < 0.05). Experiment 4 evaluated NC and LG with BW measured on d 0, 2, 7 and 14. Yolk sacs were evaluated for retention and bacterial enumeration, and blood for serum A1GP were collected on d 2 and 14. Experiment 4 resulted in no differences in yolk sac parameters or A1GP, whereas there was an increase in BWG for LG from d 0 to 14 ( P < 0.05). When evaluated over time, serum A1GP increased between d 2 and d 14 by nearly 46% in LG, compared to negligible changes in NC ( P = 0.111). Mild GI inflammation induced by early Enterobacteriaceae exposure may not drastically impact growth or inflammation parameters but may increase susceptibility to opportunistic infection necessitating further study of this model.

Characterization of colonization kinetics and virulence potential of Salmonella Enteritidis in chickens by photonic detection

“…Incidences of yolk sac infection with different Salmonella serovars has been reported and led to yolk sac retention in commercial broilers ( 26 ). Recently, it has been shown that oral inculcation of E. coli (9.5 ×10 2 CFU/bird) was able to cause yolk sac infection with a mean value of 144 CFU/g of on day 2 p.i and persisted up to day 14 (mean value 10 4 CFU/g) ( 27 ). Oral inoculation of Salmonella Heidelberg (SHb) and SEn (phage type 4) in day-old SPF chicks resulted in lesions due to yolk sac infection on days 7 (SHb and SEn) and 14 p.i (SHb) ( 28 ).…”

Potential of guar gum as a leaky gut model in broilers: Digestibility, performance, and microbiota responses

“…4 C) and α1GP (orosomucoid, P < 0.05, Fig. 4 B) known as an early inflammatory marker in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT; Chasser et al., 2021 ). However, we did not notice any changes in earlier secreted inflammatory cytokines ( Fig.…”

Chlorogenic acid combined with epigallocatechin-3-gallate mitigates d-galactose-induced gut aging in mice

“…f_Enterobacteriaceae (phylum Proteobacteria) enrichment is frequently coincidence with considerable gut pathology. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease exhibited higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, and the outgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae could reversely result in gastrointestinal cell apoptosis and inflammation [42][43][44] . The abundance of g_Escherichia-Shigella was positively correlated with the blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and could promote the secretion of endotoxins.…”

“…Patients with inflammatory bowel disease exhibited higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, and the outgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae could reversely result in gastrointestinal cell apoptosis and inflammation. [42][43][44] The abundance of g_Escherichia-Shigella was positively correlated with the blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and could promote the secretion of endotoxins. In CGA plus EGCG supplementation group, g_Candidatus_Soleaferrea genus was identified as one of the key taxons possessing anti-inflammatory capacity and maintaining the gut homeostasis.…”