Evaluation of Damage in Steels Subjected to Exploitation Loading - Destructive and Non-Destructive Methods

Abstract

Damage due to creep and plastic flow is assessed using destructive and non-destructive methods in steels (40HNMA and P91). In the destructive methods the standard tension tests were carried out after prestraining and variations of the selected tension parameters were taken into account for damage identification. In order to assess a damage development during the creep and plastic deformation the tests for both steels were interrupted for a range of the selected strain magnitudes. The ultrasonic and magnetic techniques were used as the non-destructive methods for damage evaluation. The last step of the experimental programme contained microscopic observations. A very promising correlation between parameters of methods for damage development evaluation was achieved. It is well proved for the ultimate tensile stress and birefringence coefficient.

Assessment of fatigue damage development in power engineering steel by local strain analysis

“…It can be further analyzed using nondestructive testing methods like eddy currents method or other diagnostic techniques based on either magnetic or ultrasonic parameters variation. This kind of work was conducted in the past and still is developing by other research workers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][17][18][19][20].…”

“…Under these conditions, there is a degradation of the material, the knowledge of which is essential for the development of new diagnostic methods for measuring the development of the damage and the estimated life of the installation and construction. These methods, based on modern solutions in the area of nondestructive testing and developed by members of the authors team, make it possible to detect subtle structural changes accompanying degradation processes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Therefore, understanding the relationship between *Corresponding author: tel.…”

Fatigue life prediction of structural steel using acoustic birefringence and characteristics of persistent slip bands

“…To date, several different techniques have been developed for assessing fatigue microstructural damage of metal using ultrasonic bulk waves. 8,[22][23][24][25][26][27] It also seems promising to use the well-known acoustic birefringence technique, which has already been successfully applied to monitor metal degradation during plastic deformation [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and creep. 29,30,34 The acoustic birefringence technique has several engineering advantages.…”

“…8,[22][23][24][25][26][27] It also seems promising to use the well-known acoustic birefringence technique, which has already been successfully applied to monitor metal degradation during plastic deformation [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and creep. 29,30,34 The acoustic birefringence technique has several engineering advantages. First, there is no need to know the thickness of the structural element, because acoustic birefringence is determined by the echo method, by measuring the propagation times of two shear waves with mutually orthogonal polarizations.…”

Experimental analysis and modelling of fatigue crack initiation mechanisms

“…Using the potential offered by the novel experimental techniques, it is possible to identify physical phenomena and to describe mechanisms of degradation and fatigue damage development in modern structural materials. Their identification involves usage of damage detection methods, both destructive and non-destructive to evaluate material behaviour under different loads (Kowalewski et al, 2008). Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) is a widely used technique to measure full-field deformation on surfaces of many kinds of objects.…”