Evaluation of cytotoxicity of two endodontic cements in a macrophage culture

Abstract

ompared to gutta-percha, the endodontic cements are used in small quantity to seal root canals, but are indispensable to achieve hermetically sealed margins, where its biocompatibility depends on the sum of responses of each cell present in the periapical region. The object of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of two endodontic cements, one based on epoxy resin (Sealer 26) and the other containing zinc oxide eugenol (Endofill) by using cultured peritoneal macrophages from Swiss mice to measure the induced production of nitric oxide. After solidification and pulverization, aliquots of 100µl of suspension containing 18mg/mL of the respective cements were added to 96-well tissue culture plates containing the tissue culture of macrophages at a concentration of 5.0X10 6 cells/ml. In the positive control group the cell culture was treated with 10mg/mL of lipopolyssaccharide from Escherichia coli 026:B6 and the cell culture alone represented the negative control. After 48 hours of incubation, at 37 º C, in 5% CO 2 , the cultures were placed in an ELISA automatic reader to evaluate the release of nitric oxide. The production of nitric oxide for cement Sealer 26 was between 36.1 and 313.0 µmols, with a mean of 143.82+111.03µmols, while for the Endofill these values were significantly less (p=0.01), varying from 50.8 to 125.7µmols, with a mean of 80.33+28.42 µmols. In the positive and negative control groups the mean release of nitric oxide was of 162.75µmols and 4.42µmols, respectively. There was no significant difference between the positive control group and cement Sealer 26 (p>0.05). Therefore, the cement Sealer 26 caused significantly greater toxicity to the macrophages, possibly due to the components from the epoxy resin and formaldehyde release during polymerization. Uniterms: Root canal filling materials; Nitric oxide; Macrophages. omparativamente à guta-percha, os cimentos endodônticos são utilizados em pequena quantidade nas obturações dos canais radiculares, mas são imprescindíveis para obtenção do hermético selamento marginal, sendo sua biocompatibilidade dependente do somatório das respostas de cada célula presente na região periapical. Por conseguinte, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar em cultura de macrófagos peritoneais de seis camundongos Swiss, a citotoxicidade de dois cimentos endodônticos, um à base de resina epóxica (Sealer 26) e outro contendo óxido de zinco e eugenol (Endofill), quanto a indução da produção de óxido nítrico. Após a presa e pulverização, alíquotas de 100µl da suspensão contendo 18mg/mL dos respectivos cimentos foram adicionados em placa de cultura de tecido de 96 poços, contendo a cultura de macrófagos na concentração de 5,0X10 6 células/ml. Após 48 horas de incubação, a 37 º C, em 5% de CO 2 , foi feita a leitura em um leitor ELISA automático para se averiguar a liberação de óxido nítrico.

Biocompatibility of sealers used in apical surgery: a histological study in rat subcutaneous tissue

“…Although Barbosa et al (15) reported low toxicity of Sealer 26, Veloso et al (10) also observed a more severe inflammatory reaction associated with this sealer, in the same way as observed in the present study. Moreover, the greater cytotoxicity of Sealer 26 is probably due to the components of the epoxy resin (16). White MTA presented predominantly a fibrous tissue without inflammation after 21 days, similar to observed by other authors (1,5,17).…”

Periapical Repair in Dog Teeth: Root Canal Adhesive Filling by Using the Resilon System

“…Depending on the materials' composition and quantity, the events after accidental periapical extrusion involve solubilization, phagocytosis, or encapsulation, associated with an inflammatory reaction of varying magnitude. The long-term release of cytokines (31) and proinflammatory by-products (8) can delay or impair tissue regeneration and induce the formation/maintenance of apical granulomas (32,33).…”

“…Still, the unavoidable microinfiltration with this combination might be considered the ''weak link'' in endodontics (6,7). Moreover, the relative cytotoxicity (8,9) and tissue damage caused by zinc oxide-eugenol sealers (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), coupled with the progressive decomposition of gutta-percha (15), have given rise to the formulation of new biomaterials with adhesive properties (16)(17)(18)(19)) aimed at increasing the success rate and longevity of endodontic treatments (20,21).…”

Single and multiple session endodontic treatment of teeth with periapical diseases: a case report

“…During the filling of the root canals, care must be taken regarding the citotoxity of the endodontic sealer because this material easily invades the periapical tissues, causing inflammation and thus harming the healing process. In the present study, Endofill was used because of its low citotoxity when compared with Polifil, Sealapex (18) and Sealer 26 (19) and also because of its larger antimicrobial activity when compared to AH Plus and Sealer 26 (20).…”