Evaluation of cytotoxicity and pH changes generated by various dental pulp capping materials — an in vitro study

Abstract

Introduction. Various materials are used in direct dental pulp capping method. Their biocompatibility and alkalizing abilities are of primary importance affecting therapeutic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of various pulp-capping materials on human gingival fibroblasts and investigate the pH changes induced by these materials. Material and methods. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured with nine direct pulp materials using culture plate inserts. The cytotoxic effects were recorded by using an MTT-based colorimetric assay after 3 and 24 h. In the second part of the experiment, the materials were inserted in dialysis tubes and transferred into plastic vials containing deionized water. The changes of the medium pH were measured after 3 and 24 h. Results. We showed differences in cell viability of gingival fibroblasts after varied time of exposition for the tested materials. Cell viability after 24 h increased for Dycal, Biopulp, and Calcipro, and decreased for Calcipulpe, Angelus, Angelus White, and ProRoot Regular. Cell viability for ProRoot and Life did not change. Non-setting calcium hydroxide preparations followed by the MTA group and setting calcium hydroxide materials produced the highest pH. All the tested materials significantly increased pH (p < 0.0001) at 24 h. Conclusions. Currently used pulp capping materials varied in their cytotoxicity relative to human gingival fibroblasts and their alkalizing capacities. Since most likely pH does not affect the viability of cultured cells, further investigations are required to determine physicochemical properties of these materials and the biological activity of the dental pulp.

WITHDRAWN: Alkalizing properties of new calcium-silicate endodontic biomaterials

“…Other authors placed materials in polyethylene, teflon or plastic tubes of length 3 mm, 2 mm, 10 mm, 1.6 mm, 5 mm and diameter respectively 1mm, 10 mm, 1 mm, 8 mm, 5 mm [36,[41][42][43]. In present study, all sample were immersed in 10 ml; in other studies, the volume varied from 10 ml to 20 ml [36,[40][41][42].…”

“…Comparison the results of our study with those obtained by other authors may be difficult due to differences in methodology. In this in vitro study, a deionized water at pH lower than 7 (6.5-6.9) was used as testing medium, in agreement with other authors [20,29,40,41], to standardize the test conditions and allow a comparison of the data with other studies. Although many authors did not provide the initial pH value of solutions in which samples were immersed [19,[42][43][44].…”

“…In the recent study, time intervals selected for testing were based on the setting times of the materials and previous studies [19,36,40,41]. The pH was analysed immediately after immersion (baseline) and after 1 hour, 3 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 1 year.…”

Novel Bioactive Zinc Phosphate Dental Cement with Low Irritation and Enhanced Microhardness

“…The pH values of dental cement are an essential physical feature, which is associated with pulp response [10]. Dental pulp is subjected to variation in the extracellular pH under different environments [18].…”

“…Nowadays there are a new paradigm in bioactivity concept, it expand to comprise the ability of a bioactive material to contribute calcium and phosphate ions to help rebuild demineralized dental tissues [7,9]. Previous investigations have suggested that incorporation of bioactive glass into conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer enhance mineral formation [10,11].…”