Evaluation of cytotoxic effects of Anbarnesa on fibroblast L929: Can it be used as a mouthwash?

Abstract

Aims:In Iranian traditional medicine Anbarnesa (derived from smoke from burning female donkey's stool) has been used to treat ulcers and inflammatory conditions like stomatitis and ear infections (otitis). We assess the properties of Anbarnesa as an alternative mouthwash.Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, Anbarnesa smoke was analyzed using aGC-mass device. The smoke collected was dissolved at different densities in propylene glycol and incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium in direct contact with fibroblast cells. Assessment of cytotoxicity was done at 1, 24 and 72 h. Cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium test, and ELISA Reader machine was used to read the results. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test.Results:The findings of this study showed Anbarnesa was nontoxic in 1/64, 1/128 and 1/256 dilutions. In 1/32 dilution, toxicity was seen after 72 h. In dilutions, 1/8 and 1/16 toxicity were seen in the 1st h.Conclusion:According to the initial results of Anbarnesa may be used as an alternative mouthwash with fewer side-effects for plaque control and prevention of periodontal disease.

Anbarnesa: The Past Tradition, the Future Medicine

“…A literature search using the above-mentioned criteria yielded a total of 4 articles on anbarnesa smoke ( 4 , 5 , 10 , 11 ). All articles had been conducted by the Iranian researchers.…”

“…All articles had been conducted by the Iranian researchers. Two articles were in English ( 4 , 5 ) and 2 in Farsi ( 10 , 11 ). Detailed findings are presented in Table 1 .…”

“…Also, 3 doctoral (DDS) theses had been conducted on anbarnesa smoke under the supervision of Dr H. Shafiee ( 3 , 12 , 13 ). Of them, 2 had been converted to English articles ( 4 , 5 , 12 , 13 ) and the remaining one was conducted on Wistar rats ( 3 ) ( Table 1 ).…”

“…Shafiee et al ( 4 ) analyzed the smoke from burning of anbarnesa using chromatography by GC mass device and isolated its constituents as hexane, acetic acid, aconitane, beta carotene, dimethyl amine. These compounds mainly have antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and some of them are used for treatment of neuralgia, rheumatism, capillary hemorrhage, and skin disorders ( 3 , 4 , 14 ).…”

Chemical Constituents of Donkey Dung (Anbarnasara): Questioning the Recent Claims Concerning Therapeutic Effects

“…8 Some studies have been recently conducted on the cytotoxic activity of Anbarnasara. While Shafiee et al claimed that its smoke has no cytotoxic activity on L929 cell line, 17 Sadeghi-Aliabadi et al reported cytotoxic activity of this smoke not only on L929 (which is a normal cell) but also on immortal cancerous cells of HeLa and KB. 18 This contradiction could also be related to different sources of supplying or different time of collecting Anbarnasara, or even different grass eaten by donkeys.…”