Evaluation of cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in canine prostatic carcinoma

Sørenmo, Karin U.; Goldschmidt, Michael H.; Shofer, F. S.; Goldkamp, Carrie E; Ferracone, J. D.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5810.2004.00035.x

Cited by 81 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…21 So far, only one clinical study has investigated the effect of COX inhibitors on canine prostatic carcinoma. 111 The study of 35 dogs found that treatment with nonspecific COX-2 inhibitors (piroxicam and carprofen) significantly prolonged survival time in dogs with prostatic carcinomas compared to dogs that were not given NSAIDs (6.9 vs 0.7 months). 111 However, the authors found no association between COX-2 tumor-staining intensity and survival times.…”

Section: Cox-2 In Animal Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63,74,81,92,93 However, no association was found between COX-2 in prostatic carcinoma in dogs and survival times. 111 …”

Section: Prognostic Significance Of Cox-2 Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Several later reports confirmed the overexpression of COX-2 in prostatic cancer and its absence in normal prostate in the canine species. 65,78,111 Experimentally, treatment of dogs with estrogen has been shown to induce squamous metaplasia and COX-2 expression in the prostate. 21 So far, only one clinical study has investigated the effect of COX inhibitors on canine prostatic carcinoma.…”

Section: Cox-2 In Animal Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Animal Cancers

Doré

2010

Vet Pathol

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Cyclooxygenase (COX; also known as prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase) is a key enzyme in the biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of prostaglandins. A large amount of epidemiological and experimental evidence supports a role for COX-2, the inducible form of the enzyme, in human tumorigenesis, notably in colorectal cancer. COX-2 mediates this role through the production of PGE 2 that acts to inhibit apoptosis, promote cell proliferation, stimulate angiogenesis, and decrease immunity. Similarly, COX-2 is believed to be involved in the oncogenesis of some cancers in domestic animals. Here, the author reviews the current knowledge on COX-2 expression and role in cancers of dogs, cats, and horses. Data indicate that COX-2 upregulation is present in many animal cancers, but there is presently not enough information to clearly define the prognostic significance of COX-2 expression. To date, only few reports document an association between COX-2 expression and survival, notably in canine mammary cancers and osteosarcomas. Some evidence suggests that COX inhibitors could be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of certain cancers in domestic animals, the best example being urinary transitional cell carcinomas in dogs. However, determination of the levels of COX-2 in a tumor does not appear to be a good prognostic factor or a good indicator for the response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Clearly, additional research, including the development of in vitro cell systems, is needed to determine if COX-2 expression can be used as a reliable prognostic factor and as a definite therapeutic target in animal cancers.

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Section: Cox-2 In Animal Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…63,74,81,92,93 However, no association was found between COX-2 in prostatic carcinoma in dogs and survival times. 111 …”

Section: Prognostic Significance Of Cox-2 Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cox-2 In Animal Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Animal Cancers

Doré

2010

Vet Pathol

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“…Based on studies that many different carcinomas express COX-2 and present increased PGE2 levels, COX-2 blockade has become an important component in antineoplastic therapy [12]. It is known that COX-2 may contribute to tumor aggressiveness by suppressing apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis and tumor invasion, and by tumor cell proliferation stimulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Associated with Carboplatin in Treatment of Metastatic Nasal Carcinoma in Dog

Fonseca-Alves

Corrêa

Elias³

et al. 2014

Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine

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A 10-year-old, intact male, pinscher was presented with unilateral bloodstained nasal discharge, sneezing, dyspnea, zygomatic arch deformity, submandibular lymph node increase, blindness in right eye, and exophthalmia. After clinical examination, it was found that the animal presented with upper respiratory tract dyspnea origin, possibly caused by an obstructive process. Complete blood count (CBC), ocular ultrasonography, thoracic radiographs, mandibular lymph node, and nasal sinus fine needle aspiration were performed. The right mandibular lymph node excisional biopsy was conducted and a tumor sample was obtained through the nasal fistula at hard palate. The material was processed, paraffin embedded, sectioned, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), vimentin, and COX-2 was performed. After histopathological evaluation nasal carcinoma diagnosis was obtained. Chemotherapy was established with carboplatin 300 mg/m 2 intravenouslyfour cycles with intervals of 21 days-and firocoxib 5 mg/kg orally every 24 hours for 7 months. After 7 months the treatment started, the animal presented with ataxia, vocalization, hyperesthesia, and anorexia. Due the clinical condition presented, the animal owner opted for performing euthanasia. The chemotherapy protocol was effective causing the disease stagnation, minimizing the clinical signs, and extending patient survival and quality of life.

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“…Survival time for dogs with prostate cancer is poor. The median time reported is 21 days [12] and 30 days [4] and most of patients were euthanized at the time of diagnosis. In our cases Border Collie were euthanized two month after cytological diagnosis of carcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Prostate Carcinoma: Four Clinical Cases in Sexually Intact and Neutered Dogs

Bigliardi¹,

Bresciani²,

Cantoni³

et al. 2012

OJU

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Prostate cancer is one of the most important malignancies in men. In old men the frequency of prostate cancer at necroscopy has been reported to exceed 40%. Dogs are the only large mammals other than humans with a significant incidence of spontaneous prostate cancer. Adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma are the most common histological type but the precise cell of origin in dog is not known. The incidence of prostatic carcinoma in dogs is low (0.2% -0.6%). Prostatic carcinomas occur in sexually intact and neutered dogs and the risk increase in castrated dogs associated to pulmonary and bone metastases. The castration does not initiate the development of prostatic carcinoma in dog but does favour tumour progression. In men the early stage detection of prostate cancer can offer various therapies as radical prostatectomy, radial therapy, thermal ablation, anti-androgen therapy, chemotherapy. In dogs the diagnosis is often in advanced stage of the cancer and the survival time for dogs with prostate cancer is poor. The median time reported is 30 days after diagnosis. In this study we reported three cases of prostatic carcinoma in intact sexually dogs and one in a neutered dog. The sexually intact subjects were older (mean age = 10.5 years) and they had prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCA). The interval between castration and onset of prostatic problems was 3 years. All the dogs showed dysuria, macroscopic hematuria, dyschezia and ataxia. All dogs have been euthanized in order to relieve pain and suffering.

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Evaluation of cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and the effect of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in canine prostatic carcinoma

Cited by 81 publications

References 37 publications

Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Animal Cancers

Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Animal Cancers

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor Associated with Carboplatin in Treatment of Metastatic Nasal Carcinoma in Dog

Canine Prostate Carcinoma: Four Clinical Cases in Sexually Intact and Neutered Dogs

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