Evaluation of Cyantraniliprole Residues Translocated by Lettuce, Spinach and Radish

Yoon, Ji Hyun; Lee, Seungwon; Lim, Da Jung; Kim, Seon Wook; Kim, In Soo

doi:10.5338/kjea.2021.40.4.38

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the Republic of Korea, various studies on cyantraniliprole and spinach have been conducted, e.g., the development of an analytical method for cyantraniliprole residues in Welsh onion ( 20 ), residual properties and risk assessment of cyantraniliprole in some minor crops ( 21 ), and evaluation of cyantraniliprole residues observed in lettuce, spinach, and radish ( 25 ). A study on spinach sprayed with chlorpyrifos revealed a decrease of 33.4% in the pesticide residue when spinach was immersed twice in tap water for 30 s and a decrease of 57.6% when spinach was blanched without washing for 1 min ( 26 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in residual cyantraniliprole levels in spinach after various washing and blanching methods

Park

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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Pesticides are used to protect crops from pests and diseases. However, as many pesticides are toxic to humans, it is necessary to assess methods that can remove pesticide residues from agricultural products before human consumption. Spinach is consumed immediately after a relatively simple washing and heating process in the Republic of Korea. Cyantraniliprole is used as a systemic insecticide during spinach cultivation, which means it might remain in the crop after processing. Consequently, it is important to assess whether residues can be reduced to levels that are harmless to the human body after processing. This study investigated lowering the residual cyantraniliprole levels in spinach after washing and blanching. The amount of cyantraniliprole residue in the spinach samples sprayed with cyantraniliprole during cultivation was analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The time of each washing and blanching method was set at 1, 3, and 5 min. The residual levels of cyantraniliprole decreased by 15.1–54.6% and 60.1–93.5% based on the washing and blanching methods employed. The most effective washing method to lower residual cyantraniliprole levels was steeping with a neutral detergent, resulting in cyantraniliprole reduction by 42.9–54.6%. When spinach was blanched after steeping washing with a neutral detergent, the largest removal rates of 77.9 and 91.2% were observed after 1 and 3 min of blanching, respectively. Blanching for 5 min after steeping and running washing exhibited the highest reduction rate of 93.5%. Therefore, a considerable amount of cyantraniliprole residue in spinach could be removed by washing or blanching. Based on the results of this study, blanching after steeping washing can be implemented as an effective method of lowering pesticide concentrations in spinach and other crops, thereby reducing their potential toxicity to humans upon consumption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in residual cyantraniliprole levels in spinach after various washing and blanching methods

Park

Kim

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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“…The extraction method was based on previous protocols [ 23 , 24 ] with a slight modification of solvent volume. The overall workflow to extract residual pesticides from soil and crops is summarized in Figure 6 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diamide pesticides such as cyantraniliprole (CYN) and chlorantraniliprole (CHL) used in this study are common due to their promising pest management effects via selective, uncontrolled calcium homeostasis in insects [ 20 ]. These pesticides were not applied in previous CSIA work, which has focused only on concentration determination in which CHL [ 21 , 22 ] and CYN [ 23 ] were used as parental compounds as well as metabolites [ 1 ]. Here, we sought to investigate an HPLC/EA–IRMS method for a CSIA approach in residual pesticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Isotope Analysis of Residual Pesticides via High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Elemental Analyzer–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2022

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To broaden the range of measurable pesticides for stable isotope analysis (SIA), we tested whether SIA of the anthranilic diamides cyantraniliprole (CYN) and chlorantraniliprole (CHL) can be achieved under elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry with compound purification in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using this method, carbon isotope compositions were measured in pesticide residues extracted from plants (lettuce) grown indoors in potting soil that were treated with 500 mg/kg CHL and 250 mg/kg CYN and were followed up for 45 days. Our results show that the CYN and CHL standard materials did not have significant isotope differences before and after clean-up processing in HPLC. Further, when applied to the CYN product and CHL product in soil, stable isotope differences between the soil and plant were observed at <1.0‰ throughout the incubation period. There was a slight increase in the variability of pesticide isotope ratio detected with longer-term incubation (CHL, on average 1.5‰). Overall, we measured the carbon isotope ratio of target pesticides from HPLC fraction as the purification and pre-concentration step for environmental and biological samples. Such negligible isotopic differences in pesticide residues in soils and plants 45 days after application confirmed the potential of CSIA to quantify pesticide behavior in environments.

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“…In Korea, lettuce is cultivated as a typical rotational plant consumed throughout the year. The National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service of Korea has demonstrated that, among all crops on the market, lettuce ranks as the top crop in terms of the content of unregistered pesticides [ 2 ]. The unregistered pesticides in lettuce are transported to the plant from the soil after being used for the primary crop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of Soil-Residual Diazinon by Rotational Lettuce under Greenhouse Conditions

Yoon

Lim

Lee

et al. 2022

Foods

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Pesticide residue is an increasing concern in rotational crop practices. The pesticide used for the primary crop may re-enter the secondary crop, thus exceeding pesticide levels set by the positive list system (PLS). As such, evaluation of pesticide residue translocated into rotational crops is required for ensuring pesticide safety. In this study, we investigated the residue pattern of diazinon translocated into lettuce as a typical rotational crop in Korea. Diazinon was used to treat greenhouse soil at the maximum annual application rate before crop planting. Diazinon residues in soil and lettuce were investigated using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy and a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe (QuEChERS) method. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of diazinon was found as 0.005 mg/kg for the plant and soil samples. The recovery of diazinon at the LOQ and 10× the LOQ ranged from 100.2% to 108.7%. The matrix calibration curve showed linearity, with R2 values > 0.998. Diazinon residue in soil dissipated over time after the initial treatment, generating first-order kinetics (R2 = 0.9534) and having a half-life of about 22 days. The uptake ratio (UTR) of diazinon from the soil to the plant ranged from 0.002 to 0.026 over the harvest period. Considering the UTRs, diazinon residue in the edible leaf could exceed the PLS level (0.01 mg/kg) if lettuce is rotated in soil containing >0.357 mg/kg of diazinon. Based on our findings, to comply with the PLS, a 3-month plant-back interval is required following diazinon treatment and/or setting the maximum residue limit of diazinon for lettuce.

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Evaluation of Cyantraniliprole Residues Translocated by Lettuce, Spinach and Radish

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Reduction in residual cyantraniliprole levels in spinach after various washing and blanching methods

Reduction in residual cyantraniliprole levels in spinach after various washing and blanching methods

Stable Isotope Analysis of Residual Pesticides via High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Elemental Analyzer–Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry

Uptake of Soil-Residual Diazinon by Rotational Lettuce under Greenhouse Conditions

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