Evaluation of crossed cerebellar diaschisis after cerebral infarction in MCAO rats based on DKI

Abstract

Objective: To observe the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), apoptosis and the effect on neurological function recovery in rat model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) was used to evaluate crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) and to provide experimental and theoretical basis for the clinical treatment. Materials and Methods:The MCAO models were established in rats. Eightyfour rats were randomly and evenly divided into 7 groups, including control group, 6-h group, 12-h group, 24-h group, 48-h group, 7-day group and 14-day group. The rats were scanned by MRI at the above time points. Then, rats were sacrificed for H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL staining to detect the expression of NMDA in the core infarct area and cerebellum.At the end, the discussion of relationships between molecular biology and MRI parameters (ADC derived from DWI, and MD, MK and FA derived from DKI) was performed. Results:The values of MD, ADC and FA in MCAO rats were all lower than those in the control group. All MRI parameters of the contralateral cerebellum were lower than those of the ipsilateral cerebellum (p < .05). The parameters reached the lowest value at 12 h, except that the MK reached the highest at 12 h. The expression of NMDA showed a fluctuation along time in the MCAO group.Overall, it is higher in the MCAO group than in the control group, reaching the maximum at 24 h (p < .05). At the same time, the expression of NMDA in the contralateral cerebellum was higher than in the ipsilateral cerebellum. Conclusion: It is found that NMDA and DKI of CCD have the same changing trend, which indicates that the intervention of NMDA receptor apoptosis may become a new target for the treatment of cerebral infarction, and MRI parameters can predict the occurrence and development of CCD.

MR imaging and outcome in neonatal HIBD models are correlated with sex: the value of diffusion tensor MR imaging and diffusion kurtosis MR imaging

“…The pattern of HI injury observed by MK, with a sharp increase in the MK value of the lesion region at 12 h post-injury, demonstrates a dramatic change in the degree of injury between 0 and 12 h, indicating rapid progression of hypoxic and ischemic brain cytotoxic edema. This finding is in agreement with the results of Xiao et al ( 2020 ) and Ma et al ( 2022 ), suggesting a continuous deterioration of the lesion. Then, it gradually decreased over 5 days, approaching baseline levels, but it still remained higher than that in the controls.…”

Out of the core: the impact of focal ischemia in regions beyond the penumbra

“…The phenomenon of diaschisis was associated with clinical outcomes and was considered a potential indicator of recovery development ( Lin et al, 2009 ). Similarly to the study mentioned above, Ma et al (2022) found significant decreases in cerebellar diffusivity. However, their results differ in the cellular reaction to diaschisis ( Ma et al, 2022 ).…”

“…Similarly to the study mentioned above, Ma et al (2022) found significant decreases in cerebellar diffusivity. However, their results differ in the cellular reaction to diaschisis ( Ma et al, 2022 ). While Yang et al (2013) described healthy-looking neurons with preserved numbers, Ma et al (2022) noticed a high number of apoptotic cells, especially 24 h after ischemia ( Yang et al, 2013 ; Ma et al, 2022 ).…”

“…However, their results differ in the cellular reaction to diaschisis (Ma et al, 2022). While Yang et al (2013) described healthy-looking neurons with preserved numbers, Ma et al (2022) noticed a high number of apoptotic cells, especially 24 h after ischemia (Yang et al, 2013;Ma et al, 2022). Another publication reported a huge increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the contralateral cerebellum when compared to the ipsilateral part of the structure.…”

Tissue perfusion of the kurtosis/diffusion mismatch differs from the central core and peripheral regions in acute cerebral infarction patients

“…The development of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) complements routine ADC analysis by including a kurtosis term that reasonably accounts for the non-Gaussian diffusion feature. Indeed, DKI is promising to characterize the tissue heterogeneity following ischemic insult (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). In a transient experimental stroke model, it has been demonstrated that the DWI lesion without kurtosis abnormality is more likely to renormalize after reperfusion.…”