Evaluation of Critical Gas Flow Rate for the Entrapment of Slag Using a Water Model.

Effect of Fluid Physical Properties on the Emulsification

“…[1][2][3][4] Harman and Cramb 4) have defined relation for the critical velocity of denser phase for the occurrence of emulsification. Iguchi et al 5) have also developed empirical relation for the entrainment of slag into the steel based on the cold model study simulating the ladle environment. In the addition of physical properties of phases, it also takes into account dimensions of the ladle and gas injection rate.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Role of the physical properties of the fluids on the emulsification and the size of entrained droplets are studied by water models. [1][2][3][4] Harman and Cramb 4) have defined relation for the critical velocity of denser phase for the occurrence of emulsification.…”

Liquid Mixing in Thick-Slag-Covered Metallurgical Baths—Blending of Bath

“…At higher gas flow rates, the entire oil layer breaks up into many droplets and forms an oil-water emulsified region. [5,20,22,23] The formation and maintenance of a deformed water-oil interface as well as droplet generation and sustaining the previously formed droplets in the opposite phase require energy. As a result, in the presence of an upper layer, some input energy is dissipated as interfacial energy.…”

Recent Advances in the Fluid Dynamics of Ladle Metallurgy

“…Many attempts have been made in the past to characterize this degree of entrainment, most of which are limited to finding the critical condition for onset of entrainment. [5][6][7][8][9] Despite such efforts, such models are not sufficiently tested due to the difficulty in measuring entrainment parameters even in aqueous models.…”