Evaluation of Cracking Patterns in Cement Composites—From Basics to Advances: A Review

Szeląg, Maciej

doi:10.3390/ma13112490

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Currently, intensive research on various modifications of concretes is being carried out all over the world, e.g., with the use of: nanotechnology and nanomaterials [1][2][3], wastes [4][5][6], pozzolanic additives [7][8][9] and materials with special properties [10][11][12]. Such activities are mainly aimed at creating new composites, which would be the sustainable materials [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of Cement Pastes with Siliceous Fly Ash and the CSH Nano-Admixture

Szóstak

Golewski

2021

Materials

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The use of fly ash in cement composites adversely affects its mechanical properties during the first days of mixture curing. Modern technology, in the form of an admixture containing the hydrated calcium silicates, allows to accelerate the hardening and binding process of concrete. In this paper, studies on the influence of the admixture on properties of concretes with the ordinary Portland cements (OPC) containing the addition of siliceous fly ash (FA) have been carried out. As part of the experimental research, the authors conducted a series of studies for cement pastes modified with the addition of FA and the CSH nano-admixture (NA). In order to compare the mixtures, the following tests of cement pastes were carried out: the compressive and flexural strength, heat of hydration, SEM and rheological shrinkage. The mechanical parameters were tested after 4, 8, 12 and 24 h. The hydration heat test and microstructure analysis were carried out during the first 24 h of the concrete curing. All tests were carried out on the standard samples. On the basis of the heat of hydration test, much higher hydration heat was found in mixtures modified with the NA. During the shrinkage test, a positive effect of the NA was observed—the shrinkage during the first 28 days of mixture curing was lower than in the reference samples. The application of the CSH nano-admixture to cement pastes with the addition of FA has brought positive effects. Apart from a significant increase in strength in the first 24 h of mixture curing, a reduction in the rheological shrinkage was observed. The admixture can be successfully used in the ash concretes, in which a higher early strength is required.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology of Cement Pastes with Siliceous Fly Ash and the CSH Nano-Admixture

Szóstak

Golewski

2021

Materials

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“…In accordance with the principles of sustainable construction, attempts should be made to minimize the use of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for the production of concrete by replacing it with other materials. Such actions, which are undoubtedly pro-ecological, directly affect: reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) to the atmosphere, such as CO 2 , NO, NO 2 [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]; reduction of heat and electricity consumption [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]; reduction of the extraction of natural resources [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]; possibility to utilize industrial wastes, such as fly ash (FA) or silica fume (SF) [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Fracture Toughness in Concretes Containing Fly Ash and Silica Fume in the First 28 Days of Curing

Golewski

Gil

2021

Materials

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This paper presents the results of the fracture toughness of concretes containing two mineral additives. During the tests, the method of loading the specimens according to Mode I fracture was used. The research included an evaluation of mechanical parameters of concrete containing noncondensed silica fume (SF) in an amount of 10% and siliceous fly ash (FA) in the following amounts: 0%, 10% and 20%. The experiments were carried out on mature specimens, i.e., after 28 days of curing and specimens at an early age, i.e., after 3 and 7 days of curing. In the course of experiments, the effect of adding SF to the value of the critical stress intensity factor—KIcS in FA concretes in different periods of curing were evaluated. In addition, the basic strength parameters of concrete composites, i.e., compressive strength—fcm and splitting tensile strength—fctm, were measured. A novelty in the presented research is the evaluation of the fracture toughness of concretes with two mineral additives, assessed at an early age. During the tests, the structures of all composites and the nature of macroscopic crack propagation were also assessed. A modern and useful digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to assess macroscopic cracks. Based on the conducted research, it was found the application of SF to FA concretes contributes to a significant increase in the fracture toughness of these materials at an early age. Moreover, on the basis of the obtained test results, it was found that the values of the critical stress intensity factor of analyzed concretes were convergent qualitatively with their strength parameters. It also has been demonstrated that in the first 28 days of concrete curing, the preferred solution is to replace cement with SF in the amount of 10% or to use a cement binder substitution with a combination of additives in proportions 10% SF + 10% FA. On the other hand, the composition of mineral additives in proportions 10% SF + 20% FA has a negative effect on the fracture mechanics parameters of concretes at an early age. Based on the analysis of the results of microstructural tests and the evaluation of the propagation of macroscopic cracks, it was established that along with the substitution of the cement binder with the combination of mineral additives, the composition of the cement matrix in these composites changes, which implies a different, i.e., quasi-plastic, behavior in the process of damage and destruction of the material.

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“…Geomimetics is an approach to the creation of materials, composites, architectural ensembles, and works of art in which the ideas and technological schemes are borrowed from the study of geological and cosmo-chemical processes, minerals, rocks, and types of folding in order to create new composites for construction objects. Within the framework of the theoretical principles of geomimetics, a reduction in the energy intensity of the production of building materials is possible through the use of energy from geological and cosmo-chemical processes, and the use of energy-saving raw materials specially prepared by geological and cosmo-chemical processes [33][34][35]. The article aims to introduce the basic principles of the science of geomimetics in terms of the design and synthesis of building materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Healing Construction Materials: The Geomimetic Approach

et al. 2021

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A person spends most of his life in rooms built from various building materials; therefore, the optimization of the human environment is an important and complex task that requires interdisciplinary approaches. Within the framework of the new theory of geomimetics in the building science of materials, the concepts of technogenic metasomatism, the affinity of microstructures, and the possibilities of creating composites that respond to operational loads and can self-heal defects have been created. The article aims to introduce the basic principles of the science of geomimetics in terms of the design and synthesis of building materials. The study’s novelty lies in the concept of technogenic metasomatism and the affinity of microstructures developed by the authors. Novel technologies have been proposed to produce a wide range of composite binders (including waterproof and frost-resistant gypsum binders) using novel forms of source materials with high free internal energy. The affinity microstructures for anisotropic materials have been formulated, which involves the design of multilayered composites and the repair of compounds at three levels (nano-, micro-, macro-). The proposed theory of technogenic metasomatism in the building science of materials represents an evolutionary stage for composites that are categorized by their adaptation to evolving circumstances in the operation of buildings and structures. Materials for three-dimensional additive technologies in construction are proposed, and examples of these can be found in nature. Different ways of applying our concept for the design of building materials in future works are proposed.

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Evaluation of Cracking Patterns in Cement Composites—From Basics to Advances: A Review

Cited by 22 publications

References 94 publications

Rheology of Cement Pastes with Siliceous Fly Ash and the CSH Nano-Admixture

Rheology of Cement Pastes with Siliceous Fly Ash and the CSH Nano-Admixture

Studies of Fracture Toughness in Concretes Containing Fly Ash and Silica Fume in the First 28 Days of Curing

Self-Healing Construction Materials: The Geomimetic Approach

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