Evaluation of Contrail Reduction Strategies Based on Aircraft Flight Distances

Chen, Neil Y.; Sridhar, Banavar; Li, Jinhua; Ng, Hok K.

doi:10.2514/6.2012-4816

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Literature about mitigating aviation-induced contrails revealed that several simulation tools were used to analyse the vertical displacement of flight paths to avoid PCFA [5,34,[39][40][41][42]. Research indicated that the aircraft could change the flight altitude or re-route to reduce contrail formation [30][31][32]35,43].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A multi-objective mathematical optimisation problem is proposed, based on which the potential trade-off between several performance indicators is analysed in detail. The Pareto frontier in multi-objective functions corresponded to the different assignments Literature about mitigating aviation-induced contrails revealed that several simulation tools were used to analyse the vertical displacement of flight paths to avoid PCFA [5,34,[39][40][41][42]. Research indicated that the aircraft could change the flight altitude or re-route to reduce contrail formation [30][31][32]35,43].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Objective Flight Altitude Decision Considering Contrails, Fuel Consumption and Flight Time

Xue

Hsu

2020

Sustainability

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The rapid growth of air travel and aviation emissions in recent years has contributed to an increase in climate impact. Contrails have been considered one of the main factors of the aviation-induced climate impact. This paper deals with the formation of persistent contrails and its relationship with fuel consumption and flight time when flight altitude and true airspeed vary. Detailed contrail formation conditions pertaining to altitude, relative humidity and temperature are formulated according to the Schmidt–Appleman criterion. Building on the contrail formation model, the proposed model would minimise total travel time, fuel consumption and contrail length associated with a given flight. Empirical data (including pressure, temperature, relative humidity, etc.) collected from seven flight information regions in Chinese observation stations were used to analyse the spatial and temporal distributions of the persistent contrail formation area. The trade-off between flight time, fuel consumption and contrail length are illustrated with a real-world case. The results provided a valuable benchmark for flight route planning with environmental, flight time, sustainable flight trajectory planning and fuel consumption considerations, and showed significant contrail length reduction through an optimal selection of altitude and true airspeed.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective Flight Altitude Decision Considering Contrails, Fuel Consumption and Flight Time

Xue

Hsu

2020

Sustainability

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“…Soler et al proposed a method for calculating the cost of the contrail [12]. Chen et al developed a strategy to reduce the contrail based on environment and operational cost, linking CO 2 emission and contrail formation to environmental cost through changes of absolute global temperature potential (AGTP) [13], [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Trajectory Optimization of Commercial Flight for Green Civil Aviation

Tian

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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For the current development of green civil aviation, this study aims to optimize the green four-dimensional (4D) trajectory of commercial flight by taking into account conventional cost and environmental cost. Some fundamental models, efficient processing methodologies, and conventional objectives are proposed to construct the framework of trajectory optimization. Based on the environmental cost including greenhouse gas cost and harmful gas cost, green objective functions are presented. The A * algorithm and the trapezoidal collocation method are employed to optimize the lateral path and vertical profile for 4D optimization trajectory generation. A case study for the A320 from Barcelona Airport to Frankfurt Airport yields the results that the optimal costs can be obtained under different objectives and the total cost can be more optimized by adjusting the weights of environmental cost and conventional cost. The study builds an aided tool for 4D trajectory optimization and demonstrates that environmental factors and conventional factors should be taken into comprehensive consideration when constructing the flight trajectory in the future, as well as it can underpin the green and sustainable development of the air transport industry.

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“…Chen, Sridhar, Li and Ng evaluated the contrail reduction strategies based on aircraft travel distances. 14 Sridhar, Ng and Chen integrated emission and climate models together with air traffic simulations to further understand the complex interaction between the physical climate system, emissions and air traffic. 15 They analyzed the trade-offs between extra fuel burn and reduction of global surface temperature change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Grid Shifting Approach to the Development of Contrail Reduction Strategies with Sector Capacity Constraints

Wei

Sridhar

Chen

et al. 2013

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference

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Many strategies have been proposed to reduce contrail formation in the United States airspace. One approach is to build three-dimensional weather grids and have aircraft cruising at different flight levels to avoid the persistent contrail potential area with the consideration to constraints like fuel burn, flight level capacity, and total operations of climbing/descending aircraft count at each level. However, there is no air traffic control regulation defining the flight level capacity and the total number of climbing/descending aircraft operations for each flight level. This paper presents a contrail reduction scheme, which considers the defined Monitor Alert Parameter value as the sector capacity constraint. Instead of shifting (changing cruise altitude among vertical grids) for all aircraft in a center, the new scheme only shifts certain aircraft out of those grids that are within the persistent contrail potential area. Compared with the level shifting scheme, the grid shifting has a finer resolution and brings the benefits of more contrail reduction and less fuel burn. Furthermore, the one-hour planning interval is changed to one-minute, which provides higher temporal resolution in solution results. Numerical experiments are performed to compare the new vertical grid shifting scheme with the previous level shifting scheme. Nomenclature T temperature in Celsius RHw relative humidity with respect to water RHi relative humidity with respect to ice t planning interval l cruising altitude level index R l t potential persistent contrail formation matrix (contrail matrix

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Evaluation of Contrail Reduction Strategies Based on Aircraft Flight Distances

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Multi-Objective Flight Altitude Decision Considering Contrails, Fuel Consumption and Flight Time

Multi-Objective Flight Altitude Decision Considering Contrails, Fuel Consumption and Flight Time

4D Trajectory Optimization of Commercial Flight for Green Civil Aviation

Vertical Grid Shifting Approach to the Development of Contrail Reduction Strategies with Sector Capacity Constraints

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