Evaluation of Constructed Wetland Treatment Performance for Winery Wastewater

Abstract

Rapid expansion of wineries in rural California during the past three decades has created contamination problems related to winery wastewater treatment and disposal; however, little information is available about performance of on‐site treatment systems. Here, the project objective was to determine full‐scale, subsurface‐flow constructed wetland retention times and treatment performance through assessment of water quality by daily sampling of total dissolved solids, pH, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand (COD), tannins, nitrate, ammonium, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, phosphate, sulfate, and sulfide across operating systems for winery wastewater treatment. Measurements were conducted during both the fall crush season of heavy loading and the spring following bottling and racking operations at the winery. Simple decay model coefficients for these constituents as well as COD and tannin removal efficiencies from winery wastewater in bench‐scale reactors are also determined. The bench‐scale study used upward‐flow, inoculated attached‐growth (pea‐gravel substrate) reactors fed synthetic winery wastewater. Inlet and outlet tracer studies for determination of actual retention times were essential to analyses of treatment performance from an operational subsurface‐flow constructed wetland that had been overloaded due to failure to install a pretreatment system for suspended solids removal. Less intensive sampling conducted at a smaller operational winery wastewater constructed wetland that had used pretreatment suspended solids removal and aeration indicated that the constructed wetlands were capable of complete organic load removal from the winery wastewater

Influence of Winemaking Practices on the Characteristics of Winery Wastewater and Water Usage of Wineries

“…In the past, the small volumes of winery wastewater that were produced by wineries had little effect on the immediate environment, but with increasing wine production all around the world, winery wastewater is a rising concern for the contamination of subsurface flow, soil and the environment (Grismer et al, 2003).…”

Plants in constructed wetlands help to treat agricultural processing wastewater

“…Comprehensive research reviews of brewery, winery and related distillery treatment methods for process wastewater have underscored the need for additional research, particularly of fullscale systems and individual processes (Grismer and Shepherd 1998;Grismer et al 1999Grismer et al , 2000Grismer et al , 2002Grismer et al , 2003. evaluated the performance of a subsurface-flow wetland (20 feet long, 8 feet wide and 4 feet deep) in treating winery process wastewater flows ranging from 80 to 170 cubic meters per day at organic loads of 600 to 45,000 milligrams COD per liter (mg COD/l), and measured average removal rates of 98% for COD and 97% for total suspended solids (TSS) when combining the constructed wetland with an upflow sand prefilter.…”

“…In the only published field-scale evaluation, Grismer et al (2003) -using tracer methods developed by Grismer et al (2001) -measured constructed-wetland degradation constants, HRTs and treatment performance at two operating wineries. System performance was evaluated through daily sampling of total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, total suspended solids, COD, tannins, nitrate, ammonium, TKN, phosphate, sulfate and sulfide.…”

Desempenho de sistemas alagados no tratamento de águas residuárias do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro

“…O aumento do pH também pode ter favorecido a remoção de F T nos SAC F s, apesar do aumento na taxa de carga dessas substâncias, ocorrido nesta fase; no entanto, verificou-se diminuição na eficiência de remoção de F T com o aumento da TCO A aplicada nos SAC . Grismer et al (2003) utilizando sistemas alagados construídos no tratamento de águas residuárias da produção de vinho, obtiveram remoções de 48 a 78% de F T .…”