Evaluation of Conjunctival Swab PCR Results in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Atum, Mahmut; Boz, Ali Altan Ertan; Çakır, Burçin; Karabay, Oğuz; Köroğlu, Mehmet; Öğütlü, Aziz; Alagöz, Gürsoy

doi:10.1080/09273948.2020.1775261

Cited by 49 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The possibility that the conjunctiva may be a site of virus replication has been indicated in several reports, in cross-sectional as well as monocentric studies or case reports [16,20,22,24,26,[31][32][33][34], posing an important concern for infection prevention in healthcare workers and the general population, and highlighting the need for eye protection in addition to respiratory protection. Despite the lack of frequent isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the conjunctiva [26], the eye is thus considered a potential portal of entry and spread for the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the presence of a specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA response in the eye strongly suggests deepening the investigation on the specific ocular immunity against the virus, which has been currently poorly explored. Since the virus is infrequently detected in the eye [32,40], the IgA response may indicate that virus antigen presentation occurs in the blood at the lacrimal gland and/or the conjunctival associated lamina propria tissue (CALT) [41], rather than by air droplets at the conjunctival sac. This hypothesis should deserve investigation in future studies, to better understand the mechanisms involved in the induction of ocular IgA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgA Response in Tears of COVID-19 Patients

Caselli

Soffritti

Lamberti

et al. 2020

Biology

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The pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to be able to enter the body via the eye conjunctiva, but the presence of antiviral response in the eye remains poorly known. Our study was thus aimed to analyze the presence of secretory mucosal anti-SARS-CoV-2 type A immunoglobulins (IgA) in the conjunctival fluid of COVID-19 patients. The tears of 28 COVID-19 patients and 20 uninfected controls were collected by the Schirmer test and analyzed by a specific ELISA assay detecting anti-spike (S1) virus protein IgA. The results showed that 35.7% of COVID-19 subjects have specific antiviral IgA at the ocular level, persisting till 48 days post disease onset. Most of the IgA positive subjects presented mild symptoms. The collected data indicate a prolonged persistence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA at the eye level and suggest that IgA detection may be extremely helpful in clarifying virus pathology and epidemiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgA Response in Tears of COVID-19 Patients

Caselli

Soffritti

Lamberti

et al. 2020

Biology

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“…One patient was described with persistent conjunctivitis with viral RNA detection until day 27 after symptom onset and confirmation of infectious virus in the first RNA-positive ocular sample [126]. Even though the virus can be detected rarely in the conjunctival sac at very low levels [127,128], there is no evidence that it can replicate locally [129]. That is why the conjunctiva were considered not to be the preferred gateway into the respiratory tract [130].…”

Section: Eyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2

Kampf

Brüggemann

Kaba

et al. 2020

Journal of Hospital Infection

127

121

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This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

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“…Ten of the subjects had conjunctivitis on exam, and one of these 10 subjects had a positive conjunctival swab for SARS-CoV-2. A total of three patients had positive conjunctival swabs [ 32 ].…”

Section: Ocular Manifestations Reported In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Update and Recommendations for Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19 in Adults and Children: A Narrative Review

Danthuluri

Grant

2020

Ophthalmol Ther

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has instigated severe global turmoil both medically and socioeconomically. Research continues to rapidly develop in order to fully comprehend the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This study focuses on the rare ophthalmologic manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 disease process in both adults and children. There is evidence to suggest that viral transmission can occur via tears and conjunctival secretions, although it is not a predominant finding. This review considers all the published studies describing ocular findings and SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission through the eye. The review addresses the ongoing debate over the importance of ocular manifestations during this pandemic. The most updated safety guidelines, protocols, timelines of ocular manifestations during the disease course, and treatment recommendations are discussed. The majority of patients with COVID-19 with eye symptoms presented with them initially. It is possible that the virus becomes inoculated at the site of the eye and spreads via the nasolacrimal duct to the respiratory system. There are also some reports which show that ocular findings present later in the disease course, suggestive of a correlation between ocular manifestation and increased disease severity as the infection becomes systemic. We highlight the importance of recognizing conjunctivitis as an early finding of COVID-19, and that testing or appropriate follow-up could be beneficial in both the pediatric and adult populations.

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Evaluation of Conjunctival Swab PCR Results in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cited by 49 publications

References 15 publications

Anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgA Response in Tears of COVID-19 Patients

Anti-SARS-Cov-2 IgA Response in Tears of COVID-19 Patients

Potential sources, modes of transmission and effectiveness of prevention measures against SARS-CoV-2

Update and Recommendations for Ocular Manifestations of COVID-19 in Adults and Children: A Narrative Review

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