Evaluation of concurrent shedding of bovine coronavirus via the respiratory tract and enteric route in feedlot cattle

Cho, Kyoung Oh; Hoet, Armando E.; Loerch, S. C.; Wittum, Thomas E.; Saif, Linda J.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2001.62.1436

Cited by 70 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…In earlier investigations by our group and in other studies it was reported that cattle of this age group were shedding BCoV especially after entering the feedlot (Hasoksuz et al, 1999a;Lathrop et al, 2000b;Cho et al, 2001b). The aim of this investigation was to detect BCoV in three different age groups of cattle (0-30 days old, 4-12 months old and 2-7 years old) with respiratory and/or diarrhoeic signs detected in their barn, and in animals that had been living for more than three months on the same farm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…In the early 1980s, Thomas et al (1982) first isolated BCoV from lung washes and nasopharyngeal swabs from calves involved in two outbreaks of pneumonia. Subsequently, respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCoV) strains were frequently detected by ELISA and isolated from nasal swab samples of feedlot cattle with respiratory tract disease after shipping (Saif et al, 1986;Tsunemitsu et al, 1991;Storz et al, 2000a;Cho et al, 2001b;Hasoksuz et al, 2002). Cattle shedding BCoV nasally after entering the feedlot were at an increased risk of developing respiratory disease (Lathrop et al, 2000a) and had high mortality due to BCoV infection (Storz et al, 2000b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of respiratory and enteric shedding of bovine coronaviruses in cattle in Northwestern Turkey

Hasöksüz

Kayar

Dodurka

et al. 2005

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an important cause of diarrhoea in calves, winter dysentery in adult cattle and respiratory tract disease in feedlot cattle. Serum, faecal and nasal swab samples were collected from a total of 96 cattle with clinical signs in 29 barns of 23 villages in Northwestern Turkey. The cattle were subdivided into 3 distinct age groups (0-30 days old, 4-12 months old and 2-7 years old). An indirect antigen-capture ELISA and an antibody-detection ELISA as well as geometric mean BCoV antibody titres were used to detect BoCV shed in the faeces and in the nasal secretions, respectively. Relationships between BCoV shedding and age group, seroconversion and clinical signs in cattle were also analysed. The rate of faecal shedding of BoCV was 37.1% (13/35) in 0-30 days old calves, 25.6% (10/39) in 4-12 months old feedlot cattle and 18.2% (4/22) in 2-7 years old cows. The overall rate of BCoV faecal shedding was 28.1% (27/96) in the cattle examined. Only one animal in the 4-12 months old age group was found to shed BoCV nasally. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference (P < 0.0001) with respect to faecal shedding between the clinical signs and the age groups. BCoV antibody titre in 50% of all cattle was ≤100 as detected by ELISA while 27.1% of the cattle had high titres ranging between 1,600 and 25,600. The seroconversion rate was 7.3% (7/96) in animals shedding BoCV in the faeces and 42.7% (41/96) in cattle negative for faecal shedding as detected by ELISA, and 20.8% of cattle with no seroconversion shed BCoV in the faeces. There was no statistically significant association between seroconversion and nasal or faecal BCoV shedding. These findings confirm the presence of BCoV infections in Turkey. Further studies are needed to isolate BCoV strains in Turkey and to investigate their antigenic and genetic properties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

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confidence: 99%

Detection of respiratory and enteric shedding of bovine coronaviruses in cattle in Northwestern Turkey

Hasöksüz

Kayar

Dodurka

et al. 2005

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…10,27,32,39,40,54,71 An association between nasal shedding of BoCV and clinical signs of respiratory disease has been reported in some studies 32,66,67,71 but not others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle

et al. 2014

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Abstract. The prevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was investigated in cattle prior to export. A quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect nucleic acids from the following viruses and bacteria in nasal swab samples: Bovine coronavirus (BoCV; Betacoronavirus 1), Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida. Between 2010 and 2012, nasal swabs were collected from 1,484 apparently healthy cattle destined for export to the Middle East and Russian Federation. In addition, whole blood samples from 334 animals were tested for antibodies to BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV-1, and BPIV-3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The nasal prevalence of BoCV at the individual animal level was 40.1%. The nasal and seroprevalence of BoHV-1, BRSV, BVDV-1, and BPIV-3 was 1.0% and 39%, 1.2% and 46%, 3.0% and 56%, and 1.4% and 87%, respectively. The nasal prevalence of H. somni, M. bovis, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida was 42%, 4.8%, 13.4%, and 26%, respectively. Significant differences in nasal and seroprevalence were detected between groups of animals from different geographical locations. The results of the current study provide baseline data on the prevalence of organisms associated with BRD in Australian live export cattle in the preassembly period. This data could be used to develop strategies for BRD prevention and control prior to loading. Nasal shedding and seroprevalence of BRD in live export cattle 7 Export of Livestock, Standard 3, http://www.agriculture.gov. au/biosecurity/export/live-animals/advisory-notices/2011/ export_advisory_notice_2011-01). Time in the assembly depot allows the animals to recover from road transport, acclimatize to shipboard rations, and receive any health checks or treatments required by the importing country. However, comingling, handling, and sorting of animals that have been recently transported from multiple farms also provides an ideal environment for transmission of viruses and bacteria between animals in the assembly depot.Viruses implicated in the pathogenesis of BRD include Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), Bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Bovine coronavirus (BoCV), bovine rhinoviruses, and bovine adenoviruses. Bovine rhinoviruses and adenoviruses probably have only a minimal role in the pathogenesis of BRD, while BoHV-1, BPIV-3, and BRSV are recognized as primary respiratory pathogens, and BVDV-1 as a significant predisposing pathogen (reviewed in previous publications 20,52 ). Since its first isolation in association with respiratory disease in 1993, 67 BoCV has received attention as an emerging BRD pathogen, and is now thought to make a substantial contribution to the development of BRD in feedlot cattle. 59,65Mannheimia haemo...

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“…BCoV is the causative agent of neonatal calf diarrhoea (CD), winter dysentery (WD) in adult cattle (Alenius et al, 1991;Mebus et al, 1973;Saif et al, 1988) and respiratory tract disorders in cattle of all ages (Cho et al, 2001;Decaro et al, 2008a;Lathrop et al, 2000). This infection is not effectively controlled in the herds by current commercial vaccines (Saif, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains

Bidokhti

Tråvén

Krishna

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Coronaviruses demonstrate great potential for interspecies transmission, including zoonotic outbreaks. Although bovine coronavirus (BCoV) strains are frequently circulating in cattle farms worldwide, causing both enteric and respiratory disease, little is known about their genomic evolution. We sequenced and analysed the full-length spike (S) protein gene of 33 BCoV strains from dairy and feedlot farms collected during outbreaks that occurred from 2002 to 2010 in Sweden and Denmark. Amino acid identities were .97 % for the BCoV strains analysed in this work. These strains formed a clade together with Italian BCoV strains and were highly similar to human enteric coronavirus HECV-4408/US/94. A high similarity was observed between BCoV, canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Molecular clock analysis of the S gene sequences estimated BCoV and CRCoV diverged from a common ancestor in 1951, while the time of divergence from a common ancestor of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 was estimated to be 1899. BCoV strains showed the lowest similarity to equine coronavirus, placing the date of divergence at the end of the eighteenth century. Two strongly positive selection sites were detected along the receptor-binding subunit of the S protein gene: spanning amino acid residues 109-131 and 495-527. By contrast, the fusion subunit was observed to be under negative selection. The selection pattern along the S glycoprotein implies adaptive evolution of BCoVs, suggesting a successful mechanism for BCoV to continuously circulate among cattle and other ruminants without disappearance.

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Evaluation of concurrent shedding of bovine coronavirus via the respiratory tract and enteric route in feedlot cattle

Cited by 70 publications

References 24 publications

Detection of respiratory and enteric shedding of bovine coronaviruses in cattle in Northwestern Turkey

Detection of respiratory and enteric shedding of bovine coronaviruses in cattle in Northwestern Turkey

Estimation of nasal shedding and seroprevalence of organisms known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease in Australian live export cattle

Evolutionary dynamics of bovine coronaviruses: natural selection pattern of the spike gene implies adaptive evolution of the strains

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