Evaluation of computer-aided design software methods for assessment of the three-dimensional geometry of the canine radius

Abstract

D eformities of the radius are the most common bone deformities in dogs. 1 They generally result from premature closure of ulnar or radial physes, trauma, or genetically driven abnormal limb growth such as chondrodystrophy or chondrodysplasia. Radial deformities can be managed with surgical procedures such as corrective osteotomy and stabilization of the radius with a bone plate or external skeletal fixator. 1,2 Clinically, measurements of bone geometry are most commonly made on orthogonal (craniocaudal and mediolateral) radiographic views. 3 Joint orienta-

FGF4L2 retrogene copy number is associated with intervertebral disc calcification and vertebral geometry in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers

“…The current study is limited by small group numbers, although the sample size was determined a priori using power analysis, and the sample size was sufficient to identify clear differences between dog groups for the number of calcified IVD. However, while the precision of CAD geometric analysis allows the detection of relatively minor geometric differences among bones without and with a deformity, 32 the small sample size increased the likelihood of type 2 statistical error, where numerical differences in vertebral geometry may not have been confirmed statistically. Also, for logistical reasons relating to the analysis time required and the cost of CAD analysis, the geometric parameters in all dogs were evaluated in only 1 vertebra from each of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions.…”