Evaluation of commercial veterinary probiotics containing enterococci for transferrable vancomycin resistance genes

Berreta, Ana; Baumgardner, Rachel; Kopper, Jamie J.

doi:10.1186/s13104-020-05114-1

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In our previous work based on metagenomics, and in agreement with the results of other research groups [7][8][9][10][11], we found that non-fermented [12] and fermented [13] foods or probiotic dietary supplements [14] contain a considerable number of ARGs, some of which are mobile. When bacteria with mobile ARGs are consumed through these foods, the ARGs can enter the digestive tract, where it is conceivable that they may be transferred to non-pathogenic bacteria and facultative pathogenic bacteria.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A survey on antimicrobial resistance genes of frequently used probiotic bacteria, 1901 to 2022

et al. 2023

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Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is caused by AMR determinants, mainly genes (ARGs) in the bacterial genome. Bacteriophages, integrative mobile genetic elements (iMGEs) or plasmids can allow ARGs to be exchanged among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Bacteria, including bacteria with ARGs, can be found in food. Thus, it is conceivable that in the gastrointestinal tract, bacteria from the gut flora could take up ARGs from food. Aim The study objective was to gain insight into the ARG set carried by commonly used probiotic bacteria that may enter the human body with non-fermented foods, fermented foods, or probiotic dietary supplements (FFPs) and to assess ARG mobility. Methods Next generation sequencing whole genome data from 579 isolates of 12 commonly employed probiotic bacterial species were collected from a public repository. Using bioinformatical tools, ARGs were analysed and linkage with mobile genetic elements assessed. Results Resistance genes were found in eight bacterial species. The ratios of ARG positive/negative samples per species were: Bifidobacterium animalis (65/0), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (18/194), Lactobacillus delbrueckii (1/40), Lactobacillus helveticus (2/64), Lactococcus lactis (74/5), Leucoconstoc mesenteroides (4/8), Levilactobacillus brevis (1/46), Streptococcus thermophilus (4/19). In 66% (112/169) of the ARG-positive samples, at least one ARG could be linked to plasmids or iMGEs. No bacteriophage-linked ARGs were found. Conclusion The finding of potentially mobile ARGs in probiotic strains for human consumption raises awareness of a possibility of ARG HGT in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to existing recommendations, screening FFP bacterial strains for ARG content and mobility characteristics might be considered.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A survey on antimicrobial resistance genes of frequently used probiotic bacteria, 1901 to 2022

et al. 2023

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“…Recently, however, the possibility of some unfavourable or sometimes even adverse effects of probiotic consumption have also been raised [ 3 ]. Several publications indicate that bacterial strains included in probiotic compounds, powders and capsules may contain antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Recognising that ARGs may enter into the human body by food (e.g., probiotic products), studies on the genetic characteristics of microorganisms (including bacteria) used in the food chain have been recommended by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in recent years [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Probiotics

et al. 2021

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Even though people worldwide tend to consume probiotic products for their beneficial health effects on a daily basis, recently, concerns were outlined regarding the uptake and potential intestinal colonisation of the bacteria that they carry. These bacteria are capable of executing horizontal gene transfer (HGT) which facilitates the movement of various genes, including antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), among the donor and recipient bacterial populations. Within our study, 47 shotgun sequencing datasets deriving from various probiotic samples (isolated strains and metagenomes) were bioinformatically analysed. We detected more than 70 ARGs, out of which rpoB mutants conferring resistance to rifampicin, tet(W/N/W) and potentially extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) coding TEM-116 were the most common. Numerous ARGs were associated with integrated mobile genetic elements, plasmids or phages promoting the HGT. Our findings raise clinical and public health concerns as the consumption of probiotic products may lead to the transfer of ARGs to human gut bacteria.

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“…Most probiotics supplements in horses fail to meet the FAO and WHO (2002) 56 definitions because of quality control issues and a lack of specific research currently existing. Several studies indicated that some probiotics in the market that are used as a supplementation in horses did not contain the amounts specified on the product label and any quantity of some microorganisms 62,66,67 .…”

Section: Probiotics In Non-ruminantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another disadvantage of using probiotics in horses is that many products are based on human studies data that may not apply to horses. Furthermore, several studies have shown that antimicrobial-resistant genes could transfer by probiotics in horses 67 , which needs further investigation. Thus, more studies are required to capitalize on probiotics' potential benefits in equines.…”

Section: Probiotics In Non-ruminantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Probiotics in Farm Animals: A Review

Mirzaei

Razavi

Babazadeh

et al. 2022

Farm Anim. Health Nutr.

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There are many reports of the positive effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microorganisms and the immunological systems of their hosts. Probiotics have prophylactic and metaphylactic properties. The two main mechanisms of action of probiotics seem to be the release of compounds with beneficial effects and direct interaction with the cells of the host. The aim of this review was to evaluate the benefits of probiotic use in farm animals and to identify how they influence farm animal performance. The published data suggest that dietary supplementation of probiotics can improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immune response of farm animals, including cows, sheep, goats, pigs, aquacultures, and poultry. In ruminants, studies have shown that probiotics can significantly enhance the immune response, milk yield, food digestibility, and weight gain, particularly in ruminants exposed to stressful conditions. This is also the case in aquaculture as probiotics have been shown to enhance growth and reproduction traits, provide protection against pathogens, have positive effects on immunity, optimize digestion, and increase water quality. In horses, there is still controversy about the advantages of probiotic supplementation. In addition, some studies showed valuable effects of using probiotics on treatments of GIT diseases, and some studies showed adverse effects of supplementation of probiotics in horses. In poultry, balancing the intestinal microflora is not achievable but controlling the population of microflora is possible and studies showed that supplementation of probiotics could influence some aspects such as improving performance and health parameters. So, probiotics are used by almost all farmers who are trying to reduce antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of probiotics to farm animals has many notable influences on their performance, immune system, and diet digestion.

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Evaluation of commercial veterinary probiotics containing enterococci for transferrable vancomycin resistance genes

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

A survey on antimicrobial resistance genes of frequently used probiotic bacteria, 1901 to 2022

A survey on antimicrobial resistance genes of frequently used probiotic bacteria, 1901 to 2022

Mobile Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Probiotics

Roles of Probiotics in Farm Animals: A Review

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