Evaluation of Commercial Prototype Bacteriophage Intervention Designed for Reducing O157 and Non-O157 Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on Beef Cattle Hide

Tolen, Tamra N.; Xie, Yicheng; Hairgrove, Thomas; Gill, Jason J.; Taylor, T. Matthew

doi:10.3390/foods7070114

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Another study isolated two T5-like phages from food samples; these phages were able to infect different species of pathogens including STEC O152 and O103, Shigella sonnei , Salmonella , multi-drug resistant E. coli , and generic E. coli strains [18]. Tolen et al evaluated the effectiveness of current available prototype bacteriophage intervention on the reduction of STEC O157 and non-O157 strains inoculated on cattle hide [19]. However, none of these commercial phage products targets STEC O145 strains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage as an Antimicrobial Agent for Biocontrol of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O145 Strains

et al. 2019

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Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O145 is one of the most prevalent non-O157 serogroups associated with foodborne outbreaks. Lytic phages are a potential alternative to antibiotics in combatting bacterial pathogens. In this study, we characterized a Siphoviridae phage lytic against STEC O145 strains as a novel antimicrobial agent. Escherichia phage vB_EcoS-Ro145clw (Ro145clw) was isolated and purified prior to physiological and genomic characterization. Then, in vitro antimicrobial activity against an outbreak strain, E. coli O145:H28, was evaluated. Ro145clw is a double-stranded DNA phage with a genome 42,031 bp in length. Of the 67 genes identified in the genome, 21 were annotated with functional proteins, none of which were stx genes. Ro145clw had a latent period of 21 min and a burst size of 192 phages per infected cell. The phage could sustain a wide range of pH (pH 3 to pH 10) and temperatures (−80 °C to −73 °C). Ro145clw was able to reduce E. coli O145:H28 in lysogeny broth by approximately 5 log at 37 °C in four hours. These findings indicate that the Ro145clw phage is a promising antimicrobial agent that can be used to control E. coli O145 in adverse pH and temperature conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage as an Antimicrobial Agent for Biocontrol of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O145 Strains

et al. 2019

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“…Bacteriophage may be used safely on live animals (3). Phage are only effective as a targeted intervention to address a particular pathogen, and effects are generally minimal (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Antimicrobial Interventions on Indicator Organisms during Beef Carcass Dressing

Carter

Abdelmajid

Gonzalez-Rivera

et al. 2021

Journal of Food Protection

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Beef slaughter establishments employ many different interventions to help minimize occurrence of pathogens in their products. This study explored the effectiveness of various common interventions on microbial load using the results of the Beef-Veal Carcass Baseline Survey conducted in 2014–2015. For that baseline, FSIS analyzed swab samples taken from 1,135 carcasses at 139 establishments. These included paired samples from post-hide removal (before evisceration) and pre-chill (after evisceration). Samples were tested for pathogens ( Salmonella and STEC) and indicators (generic Escherichia coli , Enterobacteriaceae , coliforms, and Aerobic Count). The sample size for pathogen positive samples was low, impeding the establishment of a direct correlation between interventions and pathogens. However, we observed associations between pathogen positive rate and log Aerobic Count, thereby indicating similar intervention effectiveness on pathogens and indicators in this study. Generally, the use of interventions reduced indicator concentrations. Each intervention produced a range of effectiveness, suggesting that how interventions are applied may be as important as which interventions are applied. The range of effectiveness for single interventions was 0.4 to 1.9-log AC reduction and for multi-hurdle interventions it ranged from 1.6 to 2.9-log AC reduction. The results of this study may be used by slaughter establishments to help identify effective interventions for pathogen reduction

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“…The pre-harvest application field includes the usage of phages in agriculture against plant specific pathogens (Figure 2(A1)) [94,95,96], for treatment of animals prior to slaughter [97] and as a direct animal treatment applied over the feed to ensure the physical health of the animal (Figure 2(A2)) [98]. Given the nature of such pre-harvest application fields, immediate phage removal after application is undesired and especially in the case of agriculture neither economic nor ecological, given the spacious treated area [92,99,100].…”

Section: Commercial Phage Products Their Application Field and Lementioning

confidence: 99%

Don’t Shut the Stable Door after the Phage Has Bolted—The Importance of Bacteriophage Inactivation in Food Environments

Sommer

Trautner

Witte

et al. 2019

Viruses

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In recent years, a new potential measure against foodborne pathogenic bacteria was rediscovered—bacteriophages. However, despite all their advantages, in connection to their widespread application in the food industry, negative consequences such as an uncontrolled phage spread as well as a development of phage resistant bacteria can occur. These problems are mostly a result of long-term persistence of phages in the food production environment. As this topic has been neglected so far, this article reviews the current knowledge regarding the effectiveness of disinfectant strategies for phage inactivation and removal. For this purpose, the main commercial phage products, as well as their application fields are first discussed in terms of applicable inactivation strategies and legal regulations. Secondly, an overview of the effectiveness of disinfectants for bacteriophage inactivation in general and commercial phages in particular is given. Finally, this review outlines a possible strategy for users of commercial phage products in order to improve the effectiveness of phage inactivation and removal after application.

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Evaluation of Commercial Prototype Bacteriophage Intervention Designed for Reducing O157 and Non-O157 Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) on Beef Cattle Hide

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage as an Antimicrobial Agent for Biocontrol of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O145 Strains

Characterization of a Lytic Bacteriophage as an Antimicrobial Agent for Biocontrol of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O145 Strains

Effects of Antimicrobial Interventions on Indicator Organisms during Beef Carcass Dressing

Don’t Shut the Stable Door after the Phage Has Bolted—The Importance of Bacteriophage Inactivation in Food Environments

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