Evaluation of combination use of phenytoin cream 1% and fractional CO ₂ laser in treatment of stable nonsegmental vitiligo: A pilot study

Abstract

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder of melanocyte characterized by macular and depigmented patches. There are several treatment modalities for this disease, including the use of corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, vitamin D analogous and topical phenytoin. Combination therapy utilizing fractional CO 2 laser with different topical agents has been used to enhance treatment response with promising results. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of fractional CO 2 laser in combination with topical phenytoin. In this study, 25 patients (11 females and 14 males) with age of 18-59 (mean age of 31.12) with nonsegmental stable vitiligo were recruited with insufficient response to at least 1-year treatment with a monotherapy using topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and/or NB-UVB phototherapy. Patients were treated with a combination of fractional CO 2 laser (10,600 nm, pulse energy 30-50 mJ, MIXEL, South Korea, Rating: 220VAC, 3A, 50/60 Hz) with monthly intervals for six sessions and application of phenytoin 1% cream twice daily. Photography was done before and after treatment with Wood's lamp. The severity of disease using VASI score was calculated and compared before and after treatment. The mean VASI score before treatment was 0.55, and sixth month after treatment increased to 1.97 (p-value < 0.001). Patients were divided into three groups based on the vitiligo subtype: acral, upper extremities, and trunk. VASI score was measured in each group: VASI score before and after treatment was 0.50 and 1.48 in acral areas, 0.45 and 2.04 in upper extremities and 0.79 and 3.39 in trunk, respectively. This study revealed that combination therapy with phenytoin and fractional CO 2 laser is effective in treatment of vitiligo not only in the upper extremities and trunk, but also interestingly in the acral areas.fractional CO 2 laser, phenytoin cream 1%, treatment, VASI, vitiligo | INTRODUCTIONVitiligo is an acquired autoimmune disorder of pigmentation targeting epidermal melanocytes that affecting 0.5% of the general population worldwide, regardless of age or race. This disorder is generally classified into two categories: nonsegmental and segmental types. 1,2 Different treatment options with variable response have been used such as medical treatment with topical corticosteroids,