Evaluation of coccygeal bone variability, intercoccygeal and lumbo-sacral angles in asymptomatic patients in multislice computed tomography

Przybylski, Piotr; Pankowicz, Marcin; Boćkowska, Agata; Czekajska−Chehab, Elżbieta; Staśkiewicz, Grzegorz; Korzec, Maria; Drop, Andrzej

doi:10.1007/s12565-013-0181-2

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The most common type of coccyx in this study was type II (51%) followed by type I (27.4%). In Arabs and Europeans, except for one study,17) type I coccyx was most common, followed by type II. This might be due to the fact that there are some ambiguous features in the classification of Postacchini and Massobrio,5) especially between types I and II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Analysis of Sacrococcygeal Morphology in Koreans Using Computed Tomography

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe sacrococcygeal morphology of Arabs and Europeans has been studied using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging to determine the cause of coccydynia. Studies have suggested differences in sacrococcygeal morphology among ethnic groups. However, there are no data on the sacrococcygeal anatomy of Koreans.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 606 pelvic CT scans that were taken at Cheju Halla General Hospital between 2008 and 2014. Fractures of the sacrum or coccyx were excluded. Differences in the sacrococcygeal morphology among age groups stratified by decade of life and between genders were analyzed using sagittal plane pelvic CT scans. The morphological parameters studied were the sacral and coccygeal curved indexes, sacrococcygeal angle, intercoccygeal angle, coccygeal type, coccygeal segmental number, and sacrococcygeal fusion.ResultsThe average sacral and coccygeal curved indexes were 6.15 and 7.41, respectively. The average sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal angles were 110° and 49°, respectively. Type II coccyx was most common, and the rate of sacrococcygeal fusion was 34%. There was a moderate positive correlation between age and the sacral curved index (r = 0.493, p = 0.000) and a weak negative correlation between age and the coccyx curved index (r = −0.257, p = 0.000). There was a weak negative correlation between age and the intercoccygeal angle (r = −0.187, p = 0.000). The average intercoccygeal angle in males and females was 53.9° and 44.7°, respectively.ConclusionsThe sacrum tended to be more curved and the coccyx straighter with age. The coccyx was straighter in females than males. Knowledge of the sacrococcygeal anatomy of Koreans will promote better understanding of anatomical differences among ethnicities and future studies on coccydynia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Analysis of Sacrococcygeal Morphology in Koreans Using Computed Tomography

et al. 2016

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“…Woon et al [ 2 ] found that 64% of subjects had type I coccyx. Kerimoglu et al [ 6 ] also reported type I to be the most common type, but Przybylski et al [ 9 ], in their study on the Polish population, found type II to be the most common type, followed by type III.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccygeal Morphology on Multislice Computed Tomography in a Tertiary Hospital in India

2017

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Study DesignA retrospective, cross-sectional study of 213 patients who presented for abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans to assess coccygeal morphology in the Indian population.PurposeThere have been relatively few studies of coccygeal morphology in the normal population and none in the Indian population. We aimed to estimate coccygeal morphometric parameters in the Indian population.Overview of LiteratureCoccygeal morphology has been studied in European, American, Korean, and Egyptian populations, with few differences in morphology among populations.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 213 abdominal CT scans (114 males and 99 females; age, 7–88 years; mean age, 47.3 years) was performed to evaluate the number of coccygeal segments, coccyx type, sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal fusion and subluxation, coccygeal spicules, sacrococcygeal straight length, and sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal curvature angles. Results were analyzed for differences in morphology with respect to sex and coccyx type.ResultsTypes I and II coccyx were the most common. Most subjects had four coccygeal vertebrae; 93 subjects (43.66%) had partial or complete sacrococcygeal fusion. Intercoccygeal fusion was common, occurring in 193 subjects. Eighteen subjects had coccygeal spicules. The mean coccygeal straight length was 33.8 mm in males and 31.5 mm in females; the mean sacrococcygeal curvature angle was 116.6° in males and 111.6° in females; the mean intercoccygeal curvature angle was 140.94° in males and 145.10° in females.ConclusionsType I was the most common coccyx type in our study, as in Egyptian and Western populations. The number of coccygeal vertebrae and prevalence of sacrococcygeal and intercoccygeal fusion in the Indian population were similar to those in the Western population. The mean coccygeal straight length and mean sacrococcygeal curvature angle were higher in males, whereas the intercoccygeal curvature angle was higher in females. Information on similarities and differences in coccygeal morphology between different ethnic populations could be useful in imaging and treating patients presenting with coccydynia.

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“…To the best of our knowledge this study constitutes the most comprehensive measurement and evaluation. The results of the study showed that type II coccyx was the most common type, followed by type I. Przybylski et al (12) also found type II coccyx to be the most common type in a study of a Polish population. However, unlike the current study, the second most common type in the Polish study was type III.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The anatomy and morphology of the coccyx varies from person to person. When the person is seated, the coccyx acts as a weight-bearing structure, providing positional support to the anus and the adhesions sites of the pelvic floor tendons (11,12). Understanding normal adult coccyx morphology and morphometry will provide a better understanding of coccyx-related pathologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic and morphometric evaluation of the coccyx in the adult population

Karayol

Dokumaci

2019

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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Background: To evaluate the sacrococcygeal anatomy and morphometry with lower abdomen magnetic resonance (MR) images in asymptomatic adult subjects Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the images of 216 adult patients who underwent MR imaging of the lower abdomen for reasons other than coccydynia in the radiology clinic. In this evaluation, coccyx (Co) thickness (from Co1 middle section), sacrococcygeal angle, fusion between vertebrates, number of coccygeal vertebrae, sacrococcygeal joint angle, intercocsigeal joint angle, coccyx type, presence of subluxation, coccyx flat length, coccyx curvature length, sacrum flat length, sacrum curvature length, sacrococcygeal flat length, sacrococcygeal curvature length, sacral angle, coccyx curvature index, sacrum curvature index, sacrococcygeal curvature index were measured. Results: The mean number of coccyx vertebrae was 3.5 ± 0.75 in females and 3.8 ± 0.78 in males. The mean coccyx thickness was 7.3 ±1.4 mm in females and 8.4±1.8 in males. Subluxation was determined in 59 (27.3%) cases, and not in 157(72.7%) cases. The mean length of the coccyx was 35.4±6.6 mm in females and 38.9±8.7 mm in males. The mean length of the coccyx curvature was 37.5±7.2 mm in females and 41.7±9.1 mm in males. The most common coccyx type in both males and females was type II coccyx in 98 (45.4%) patients. The sacrococcygeal angle was 109±15 degrees in females and 113±13 in males. Conclusion: Knowledge of the vertebrae anatomy of asymptomatic patients may prevent unnecessary surgery in coccydynia. Wide ranges of similar studies are needed to be done with patients with coccydynia.

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Evaluation of coccygeal bone variability, intercoccygeal and lumbo-sacral angles in asymptomatic patients in multislice computed tomography

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Analysis of Sacrococcygeal Morphology in Koreans Using Computed Tomography

Analysis of Sacrococcygeal Morphology in Koreans Using Computed Tomography

Coccygeal Morphology on Multislice Computed Tomography in a Tertiary Hospital in India

Anatomic and morphometric evaluation of the coccyx in the adult population

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