Evaluation of Clinical and Hematobiochemical alterations in naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle calves in Egypt.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in the clinical and hemato-biochemical parameters of cattle calves suffering from bovine respiratory disease (BRD) compared to pen matched healthy control calves. This study was conducted on 20 calves suffered from BRD and 10 apparently healthy calves. Clinical and physical examination of BRD affected calves revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in pulse rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, anorexia, nasal discharge, coughing, dyspnoea and abnormal lung sounds. Hematological analysis showed that the BRD affected-calves revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in red blood cells (RBCs) count, haemoglobin (Hb) content, packed cell volume (PCV %) and lymphocytes count, with significant (P<0.05) increase in white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils. Biochemical analysis showed significant (P<0.05) increase in total proteins, globulin, with significant (P<0.05) decrease in albumin and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio in diseased calves compared to healthy control. Moreover, the BRD affected calves showed significant (P<0.05) increase in liver enzymes activity and kidney function test. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that the respiratory diseases in calves have severe impacts on several hematological and biochemical parameters.

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of clinical and subclinical bovine respiratory disease in Holstein calves

“…In this vein, the study was designed to elucidate the most common lesions among BRD-affected calves through thoracic ultrasound scoring (TUS) and determination of some biochemical parameters in the blood that could assist the early BRD prediction. In the present study, the major clinical signs of BRD-affected calves observed were consistent with those observed by Metwally et al [29] and Ramadan et al [30]. The observed nasal discharge and coughing might be attributed to irritation and inflammation of mucous membranes, and inspiratory dyspnea might attribute to severe inflammation in bronchioles and alveoli that interfere with gas exchange and respiration.…”

“…The study was carried out from December 2020 to March 2021 with a predominating temperature of up to 13°C (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22), relative humidity of up to 30% (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35), and average rainfall according to the geographical location of all of the study areas. This study was conducted on 54 Holstein dairy calves from 30 days of age until weaning (2 months) that is reared in Al-Salhia Farm in Al-Sharqiyah Province, Egypt.…”

Clinical, Hematological, Acute phase proteins and Radiographic changes in different respiratory affections in dogs and cats

“…Heart rate and respiratory rate were increased in some cases to compensate hypoxia. Abnormal lung sounds such as crackles or wheezes may be due to the accumulation of exudate produced by inflammatory cells and goblet cells because of pneumonia (Ramadan, 2019). Most of CIRD and FURD cases if not treated rapidly it may be complicated by secondary bacterial infection result in occurrence of pneumonia.…”

“…The changes in protein profile during acute phase response were caused by increasing in synthesis of positive acute phase proteins, complement proteins, and immunoglobulins, so hyperproteinemia is usually associated with infection and inflammation. Albumin is a negative acute phase protein that decreased during inflammation because about 30-40% of hepatic protein anabolic capacity is utilized for the creation of positive acute phase proteins during the acute phase response, resulting in a reduction in other proteins (Ramadan et al, 2019). Hypoalbuminemia could be suggestive of lung inflammation and vasculitis that resulted in leakage of albumin into the alveolar space (Kogan et al, 2008).…”

Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (Brd)

“…Leukocytosis and neutrophilia are observed in severe bacterial bronchopneumonia, while viral cases of pneumonia, leukopenia, and lymphopenia can be determined. In the biochemical analyzes of calves with BRD, it was determined that ALT, AST, CK, LDH, BUN, and creatinine levels were high, while albumin, glucose, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc concentrations were low (El-Bahr and El-Deeb 2013;Šoltésová et al 2015;Ok et al 2019;Ramadan et al 2019). Recently, some potential biomarkers, cytokines, acute-phase proteins (APP) and biochemical parameters involved in the pathogenesis of pneumonia have been investigated as diagnostic or prognostic markers in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum/plasma in BRD (Ider and Maden 2019).…”