Evaluation of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Acute Lymphoid Leukemia (ALL)

Abstract

Background: The present study evaluated the chromosomal and molecular variations in patients of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oncology at a tertiary care center between April 2018 and June 2021. A total of 314 cases of acute myeloid and lymphoid leukemias were evaluated. Molecular and cytogenetic tests were conducted on these patients. Peripheral and bone marrow smears of all the subjects were sent to the laboratory for molecular and cytogenetic studies. The diagnosis was confirmed with morphology and specific staining, such as Gimsa, myeloperoxidase, molecular, and cytogenetic findings. The results of BM karyotype were classified as normal diploid, hypo and hyper diploid, complex karyotype, and pseudo-diploid. Data was explored using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: A total of 314 patients were included in the study. Around 40 percent were diagnosed with AML while the 60% had ALL. The mean age of patients was 31.5 +/- 5.6 years. The karyotype revealed that 55.4% were normal diploid, 5.2% were hypo-diploid, 8.4% were hyper-diploid, 18.54% were pseudo-diploid, and the remainder had complex karyotype. A significant difference was observed between the acute leukemia and mean age (P < 0.001). The mean age of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients was significantly higher than acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). The pseudodiploid pattern was meaningfully more frequent in the AML patients compared with that in the MDS and ALL patients (P < 0.001). Chromosomal abnormalities including monosomy of chromosome 14 and trisomy of chromosome 3 were the most prevalent. Conclusion: The current study revealed the variations in the chromosomal abnormalities in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). The specific patterns associated with particular leukemia can help establish early diagnosis. Keywords: acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoid leukemia, chromosome, hematology, malignancy

Spectrum of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Pediatric Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia

“…Although we only detected +8 in one case, it was a bad prognostic indicator regardless of whether it represented the underlying abnormality [7,28,29]. The incidence of the chromosomal aberration del(9q) long arm [del(9q)] in acute myeloid leukemia ranges from zero to 4.7% [27]. Unsuccessful cytogenetic karyotype is the absence of analytic metaphasis (UC).…”