Evaluation of cholesterol additions to a soyabean meal-based diet for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone), in an outdoor growth trial

Duerr, Eirik O.; Walsh, Wendy A.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2095.1996.tb00017.x

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The cholesterol content of the OI diet, by contrast, was kept low by eliminating cholesterol-containing ingredients. Indeed, the level of cholesterol in the OI diet was lower than the level (0.23%) reported by Duerr and Walsh (1996) to maximize shrimp productivity. The high growth and survival of the animals fed the very low cholesterol OI diet, which was equivalent to the growth and survival of shrimp maintained on the commercial control feeds in both trials, indicates that shrimp fed the OI diet were still able to satisfy their cholesterol requirement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Effect of Diet Manipulation on Cholesterol and Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Forster¹,

Dominy²,

Obaldo³

2010

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society

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Shrimp tail meat is high in cholesterol and a poor source of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA). Two trials were initiated to ascertain whether rearing shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei to market size (15–20 g) on a diet containing a low level of cholesterol and an elevated level of the HUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) could improve the nutritional profile of the edible portion (tail muscle). A diet was formulated to be low in cholesterol, but high in DHA. Juvenile shrimp were fed in outdoor tanks under flow‐through conditions. In Trial 1, the shrimp fed the experimental diet contained 148 mg/100 g cholesterol and 170 mg/100 g DHA, whereas those fed the commercial diet contained 193 mg/100 g cholesterol and 110 mg/100 g DHA (all values on wet weight basis). In Trial 2, the final cholesterol level of the shrimp fed the experimental diet was 163 mg/100 g and the DHA was 101 mg/100 g, whereas that of the shrimp fed the two commercial feeds were 186 and 195 mg/100 g cholesterol and 55–83 mg/100 g DHA. These results indicate that diet can be used to promote high growth rates while moderating cholesterol level and increasing DHA level in shrimp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Effect of Diet Manipulation on Cholesterol and Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Forster¹,

Dominy²,

Obaldo³

2010

Journal of the World Aquaculture Society

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“…() found that crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus fed with sterol‐free diets exhibited the mortality syndrome characterized by incomplete ecdysis. Duerr & Walsh () found an increase in growth and survival in P. vannamei fed diets supplemented with cholesterol. As a kind of sterols, cholesterol was supplemented in juvenile E. sinensis diets to delineate effects of cholesterol on the moulting performances, further to study the moulting underlying preparations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary cholesterol levels on moulting performance, lipid accumulation, ecdysteroid concentration and immune enzymes activities of juvenile Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensis

et al. 2014

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Effects of dietary cholesterol levels on moulting performance, lipid accumulation, ecdysteroid concentration and immune enzymes activities of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis were investigated. Crabs were fed with feeds contained various cholesterols of 1100, 2100 and 3200 mg kg À1 in both paddy fields and laboratory experiments. In paddy fields trial, the crabs fed with diets contained 3200 mg kg À1 cholesterol achieved higher growth rate than those fed with diets contained no supplemental cholesterol (1100 mg kg À1 ). In laboratory trial, moulting frequencies of crabs fed with diets contained 3200 mg kg À1 cholesterol were higher than those of crabs fed with diets contained no supplemental cholesterol from the 6th to 10th moult. Further laboratory experiment indicated that intermoults of crabs fed with diets contained 3200 mg kg À1 cholesterol significantly shortened compared with crabs fed with the basal feeds (1100 mg kg À1 cholesterol). In the intermoult, total lipid content, ecdysterone concentration and three immune enzymes in crabs were increased with the increment of dietary cholesterol levels between the 7th and the 8th moult in laboratory experiments. Taken together, dietary cholesterol not only enhanced moulting performances of growth, survival and moult frequency, but also enhanced total lipid storage, ecdysterone concentration and three immune enzymes activities in the intermoult period.

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“…Considering the above immunological responses in haemocytes, cholesterol supplementation seems to be more helpful in enhancing cellular immunity for L. vannamei , compared with the other two feed additives. Published reports for L. vannamei of different age fed different diets under a variety of culture conditions showed cholesterol requirements are 0.14–0.68% (Duerr & Walsh ; Gong, Lawrence, Jiang, Castille & Gatlin ; Gong, Jiang, Lightner, Collins & Brock ; Wang ). In this study, cholesterol level in control diet was 1.00%, seemed not likely to be low in cholesterol for L. vannamei .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary taurine, carnitine and cholesterol supplementation on growth performance and immunological status ofLitopenaeus vannameiunder cold exposure

Zhou

Liang

et al. 2016

Aquac Res

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The aim of this study was to investigate effects of dietary feed additives on growth and immunological status of Litopenaeus vannamei under cold exposure. Four experimental diets with 0.2% taurine, 0.01% carnitine, 0.1% cholesterol supplementation and control were fed to L. vannamei (IBW 0.86 AE 0.03 g) for 30 days at 30 AE 1°C before water temperature was dropped to 16°C with a rate of À4°C h À1 . Growth performance parameters including weight gain rate (WGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival rate before the cold exposure, as well as immunological parameters related to haemocytes including total haemocyte count (THC), percentages of hyaline cells (SC%), granular cells and semigranular cells (SC + GC%), non-specific esterase (NSE) activity and apoptotic cell ratio before and after the cold exposure were determined. The results showed that: (1) WGR, FCE and survival rate were not significantly different among groups before the cold exposure. Most of immunological parameters did not differ either, except the apoptotic cell ratio of carnitine and cholesterol groups was significantly lower than that of control and taurine groups (P < 0.05). (2) After the cold exposure, THC was decreased by 48.1% (P < 0.05), 54.1% (P < 0.05), 30.1% and 2.2%; NSE activity was decreased by 31.7% (P < 0.05), 21.4%, 7.0% and 3.5% in control, taurine, carnitine and cholesterol respectively. (3) Conversely, ROS production was increased by 23.8% (P < 0.05), 15.1%, 7.2% and 13.0%; apoptotic cell ratio was increased by 10.4%, 12.8%, 6.4% and 7.2% in control, taurine, carnitine and cholesterol respectively. (4) An increase in HC %, decrease in SC + GC% in all groups was observed after cold exposure, and was significant in cholesterol group. This study showed that cholesterol, carnitine and taurine affected immunological status of L. vannamei under cold exposure to different degrees, possibly by modulating some immunological parameters, as discussed. Present study provides theoretical data for nutritional strategies to enhance cold resistance of shrimp.

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Evaluation of cholesterol additions to a soyabean meal-based diet for juvenile Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone), in an outdoor growth trial

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of Diet Manipulation on Cholesterol and Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Effect of Diet Manipulation on Cholesterol and Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei

Effects of dietary cholesterol levels on moulting performance, lipid accumulation, ecdysteroid concentration and immune enzymes activities of juvenile Chinese mitten crabEriocheir sinensis

Effects of dietary taurine, carnitine and cholesterol supplementation on growth performance and immunological status ofLitopenaeus vannameiunder cold exposure

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