Evaluation of Chitine synthase ( CHS1 ) polymerase chain reaction assay in diagnosis of dermatophyte onychomycosis

Dhib, Imen; Fathallah, A.; Charfeddine, Ilhem Ben; Meksi, S. Gaïed; Saïd, M. Ben; Slama, Foued; Zemni, Ramzi

doi:10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.07.050

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…mentagrophytes and T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale), chitin synthase I and DNA topoisomerase II [119,[130][131][132][133]. Li et al designed an oligonucleotide array for dermatophyte identification [134].…”

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confidence: 99%

Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach

Hayette

Sacheli

2015

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

103

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Dermatophytes are amongst the most common fungal agents causing superficial skin infections. The epidemiology of dermatophytosis has changed during the last century under the influence of socioeconomic factors, modern life, intensification of travel, migration of populations from the southern to the northern hemisphere. As result, Trichophyton rubrum has become the most frequent species worldwide, causing mainly tinea pedis and tinea unguium, while Microsporum canis is still the main agent in tinea corporis and capitis in Mediterranean countries. However, the prevalence of anthropophilic dermatophytes causing tinea capitis in young children is increasing overall in the big cities of Europe and America, causing epidemics and becoming a public health concern. This review summarizes the current status of dermatophyte infection in Europe, Africa, Asia and America and gives an overview of the most recent molecular methods currently available for the laboratory diagnosis of dermatophytosis.

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confidence: 99%

Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach

Hayette

Sacheli

2015

Curr Fungal Infect Rep

103

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“…Nukleinsäure-Amplifikationstechniken nutzen Nukleinsäuresequenzen, die gezielt Genabschnitte der einzelnen Dermatophyten-Arten erkennen, sogenannte Primer, zum spezifischen Erregernachweis direkt im klinischen Material in vitro [14]. Als spezifische Primer werden häufig die Sequenzen der Chitinsynthase (CHS1), der Mikrosatelliten-Region [(GACA)(4) oder (GTG) (5)] oder die Gensequenz der Internal Transcribed Spacer-1 (ITS1)-Region der fungalen ribosomalen DNA (rDNA) verwendet [22][23][24]. Neben der ITS1-Region hat sich auch eine Kombination aus ITS1-Region und 5.8S-ITS2-Region als sehr spezifisch für den Nachweis von Dermatophyten erwiesen [6].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Nucleic acid amplification techniques use primers – nucleic acid sequences that specifically recognize gene segments of individual dermatophyte species – for direct in vitro detection of specific pathogens from clinical material . Sequences frequently used as specific primers include chitin synthase (CHS1), the microsatellite region [(GACA)(4) or (GTG)(5)], or the gene sequence of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) . Apart from the ITS1 region, a combination of the ITS1 and the 5.8S‐ITS2 regions has also been shown to be highly specific for the detection of dermatophytes .…”

Section: Classic Laboratory Tests In Dermatomycology and New Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the classic diagnostic methods in mycology still state of the art?

Wiegand

Bauer²,

Brasch³

et al. 2016

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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SummaryThe diagnostic workup of cutaneous fungal infections is traditionally based on microscopic KOH preparations as well as culturing of the causative organism from sample material. Another possible option is the detection of fungal elements by dermatohistology. If performed correctly, these methods are generally suitable for the diagnosis of mycoses. However, the advent of personalized medicine and the tasks arising therefrom require new procedures marked by simplicity, specificity, and swiftness. The additional use of DNA-based molecular techniques further enhances sensitivity and diagnostic specificity, and reduces the diagnostic interval to 24-48 hours, compared to weeks required for conventional mycological methods. Given the steady evolution in the field of personalized medicine, simple analytical PCR-based systems are conceivable, which allow for instant diagnosis of dermatophytes in the dermatology office (point-of-care tests).

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“…Along with conventional or end-point PCR methods, real-time PCR assays, as well as the implementation of post-PCR-techniques, have become available. Conventional PCRs benefit from simplicity and lower cost, and target the identification of the most common dermatophyte, T. rubrum (Brasch et al, 2011), or pan-dermatophytes (Dhib et al, 2012;Luk et al, 2012). By means of a multiplex PCR, simultaneous identification of T. rubrum and pan-dermatophytes (Brillowska-Dabrowska et al 2007, 2010Kondori et al, 2010;Chandran et al, 2013; the present study) or T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and pan-dermatophytes (Dhib et al, 2014) is achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a commercial PCR test for the diagnosis of dermatophyte nail infections

Spiliopoulou

Bartzavali

Jelastopulu

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Tinea unguium, known as onychomycosis, is a dermatophyte infection of nails with worldwide distribution. Conventional methods for detecting fungi in nail specimens are either non-specific (microscopy) or insensitive (culture). PCR has been used to improve sensitivity in detecting the causative fungi in nail specimens from patients with suspected onychomycosis. Results of a commercial multiplex PCR for the detection of dermatophytes, especially Trichophyton rubrum (the main dermatophyte implicated), as compared to conventional methods are presented. A total of 418 nail scrapings obtained from dermatological outpatients were handled in the Laboratory of Microbiology between May 2010 and May 2013. Among them, multiplex PCR detected 126 (30.1 %) dermatophyte-positive samples, whereas culture revealed 44 (10.5 %). Direct microscopy revealed 63 (15.1 %) positive specimens. T. rubrum was identified in 116 out of 126 (92 %) positive PCR samples and 40 out of 44 (91 %) dermatophyte-positive cultures. Implementation of PCR increased species-specific detection of dermatophytes by 21.1 %, leading to a threefold increase as compared to culture alone. Multiplex PCR offers a time-saving diagnostic tool for tinea unguium and augments laboratory assistance to clinical evaluation for proper treatment. INTRODUCTIONTinea refers to superficial infection of skin, hair and nails due to one of three fungal genera, Microsporum, Epidermophyton and Trichophyton, collectively known as dermatophytes (Clayton & Midgley, 1989;Hay, 1995;Moriarty et al., 2012). These associated infections are among the most common diseases worldwide and cause serious chronic morbidity. Tinea unguium, a dermatophyte infection of nails, also known as onychomycosis, has a prevalence of at least 12.4 % in the general population of Europe (Moriarty et al., 2012), whereas in older individuals it is as high as 50 % (Salgo et al., 2003). The disease is often atypical and aggressive in patients with untreated human immunodeficiency virus infection. Patients with psoriasis not only have an increased risk of onychomycosis but also require laboratory confirmation as the two conditions may be clinically similar (Moriarty et al., 2012). Trichophyton rubrum is the main pathogen implicated (Brillowska-Dabrowska et al., 2007;Tsoumani et al., 2011), followed by Trichophyton interdigitale, formerly Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (Cafarchia et al., 2013;Clayton & Midgley, 1989; Gräser et al., 1999;Nenoff et al., 2007). Less commonly associated species are Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton verrucosum (Moriarty et al., 2012). In addition to dermatophytes, Candida and non-dermatophyte moulds may be recovered from clinically affected nails; however, their clinical significance is controversial (Brillowska-Dabrowska et al., 2007). Conventional diagnosis is based on detection of fungal elements by direct microscopy of clinical specimens, followed by culture and morphological identification of the fungus. The whole procedure is time-consuming, requiring 10 to 15 ...

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Evaluation of Chitine synthase ( CHS1 ) polymerase chain reaction assay in diagnosis of dermatophyte onychomycosis

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach

Dermatophytosis, Trends in Epidemiology and Diagnostic Approach

Are the classic diagnostic methods in mycology still state of the art?

Evaluation of a commercial PCR test for the diagnosis of dermatophyte nail infections

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