Evaluation of Child Maltreatment in the Emergency Department Setting

Leetch, Aaron N.; Leipsic, John; Woolridge, Dale

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2014.09.006

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In CHIRPP, emotional maltreatment was rarely identified, and never in isolation, but made up 9% of substantiated child welfare investigations in 2008 [7]. Emotional maltreatment and neglect are difficult to capture in an ED setting [31]. For instance, neglect can present as physical injury from ingestions or inappropriate supervision [16], but intent is challenging to capture and emotional maltreatment rarely manifests in physical injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel surveillance of child maltreatment cases presenting to Canadian emergency departments

Campeau

Gulbransen²,

Hébert

et al. 2019

BMC Pediatr

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BackgroundThe Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting Prevention Program (CHIRPP) is a sentinel surveillance program that collects and analyzes data on injuries and poisonings of people presenting to emergency departments (EDs) at 11 pediatric and eight general hospitals (currently) across Canada. To date, CHIRPP is an understudied source of child maltreatment (CM) surveillance data. This study: (1) describes CM cases identified in the CHIRPP database between1997/98 to 2010/11; (2) assesses the level of CM case capture over the 14-year period and; (3) uses content analysis to identify additional information captured in text fields.MethodsWe reviewed cases of children under 16 whose injuries were reported as resulting from CM from 1997/98 to 2010/11. A time trend analysis of cases to assess capture was conducted and content analysis was applied to develop a codebook to assess information from text fields in CHIRPP. The frequency of types of CM and other variables identified from text fields were calculated. Finally, the frequency of types of CM were presented by age and gender.ResultsA total of 2200 CM cases were identified. There was a significant decrease in the capture of CM cases between 1999 and 2005. Physical abuse was the most prevalent type (57%), followed by sexual assault (31%), unspecified maltreatment (7%), injury as the result of exposure to family violence (3%) and neglect (2%). Text fields provided additional information including perpetrator characteristics, the use of drugs and/or alcohol during the injury event, information regarding the involvement of non-health care professionals, whether maltreatment occurred during a visitation period with a parent and, whether the child was removed from their home.ConclusionsThe findings from this initial study indicate that CHIRPP could be a complimentary source of CM data. As an injury surveillance system, physical abuse and sexual assault were better captured than other types of CM. Text field data provided unique information on a number of additional details surrounding the injury event, including risk factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel surveillance of child maltreatment cases presenting to Canadian emergency departments

Campeau

Gulbransen²,

Hébert

et al. 2019

BMC Pediatr

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“…9,10 Evidence indicates that 35% to 50% of child abuse cases recur without appropriate detection and intervention, suggesting that the inability to capture these cases can lead to a cycle of undetected child abuse. 11 The lack of screening and detection of child abuse or maltreatment in health care may be attributable to the unavailability of brief screening tools developed and validated for use in clinical settings. 12 Standardized screening instruments such as the 160-item Child Abuse Potential Inventory, 13 the 82-item International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Child ICAST questionnaire, 14 and the 22item Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent-Child Version (CTSPC) 15 have been used for research purposes, but these lengthy assessments are burdensome and are neither intended nor appropriate for screening in PedHITSS: A Screening Tool to Detect Childhood Abuse in Clinical Settings Amer Shakil, MD; Philip G. Day, PhD; Jessica Chu, MPH; Sarah B.…”

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confidence: 99%

PedHITSS: A Screening Tool to Detect Childhood Abuse in Clinical Settings

Shakil

Day

Chu

et al. 2018

Fam Med

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Background and Objectives: Though child abuse is prevalent and detrimental, health care providers fail to screen for abuse at sufficient rates to detect or preempt events. Current child abuse screening tools lack brevity and usefulness in clinical settings. To validate the Pediatric Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream-Sex (PedHITSS) screening tool, a 5-item questionnaire designed to detect and prompt provider investigation into child abuse in clinical settings, the PedHITSS was compared to the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent-Child Version (CTSPC) screening measure. Methods: Participants included 422 pediatric patients (n=242 nonabused; n=180 abused subsample) recruited from an ambulatory care setting, a medical center at-risk referral clinic, or homeless shelter clinic. Parents were asked to complete a cross-sectional survey, including PedHITSS and CTSPC questionnaires. Concurrent validity of PedHITSS was tested with 242 participants identified as nonabused. Construct validity was assessed with 180 participants previously identified as victims of child abuse. Results: Concurrent validity between the CTSPC and PedHITSS was strong, rs=.70 (P<.01). Sensitivity and specificity for correctly identifying abuse victims (≤12 years) was optimal at a cutpoint of one or greater. There was no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity of HITSS and CTSPC in correctly identifying victims of child abuse. Conclusions: This study indicates that PedHITSS performs as well as CTSPC in identifying and differentiating victims and nonvictims of child abuse. PedHITSS allows health care providers to confidently screen and report suspected cases of child abuse and serves as a mechanism to confirm abuse status through validated means.

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The Presentation of Child Maltreatment in Healthcare Settings

Burkhart

Knox

2020

Clinical Handbook of Psychological Consultation in Pediatric Medical Settings

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Evaluation of Child Maltreatment in the Emergency Department Setting

Cited by 14 publications

References 74 publications

Sentinel surveillance of child maltreatment cases presenting to Canadian emergency departments

Sentinel surveillance of child maltreatment cases presenting to Canadian emergency departments

PedHITSS: A Screening Tool to Detect Childhood Abuse in Clinical Settings

The Presentation of Child Maltreatment in Healthcare Settings

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