Evaluation of cellular safety and the chemical composition of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) ethanolic extracts

Abstract

Arachis hypogaea L. (Leguminosae) is distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Peanut has high nutritional and commercial value. Scientific research showed that peanut has biological properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, antiinflammatory. However, it is necessary to know if consumption of peanut, either as food or as a phytopharmaceutical implies a health risk. The aim was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of ethanolic extracts from A. hypogaea . Also, chemical characterization of these extracts was performed. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and Neutral Red Uptake (NRU) assays on Vero cells. Genotoxicity was studied by Micronuclei and comet assays on Balb/C mice. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis of extracts were performed. Results showed that extracts have low cytotoxicity. Tegument ethanolic extract (TEE) and Seed ethanolic extract (SEE) were not genotoxic. The treatments with TEE at 250 mg/kg and SEE at 2000 mg/kg revealed (highest concentrations evaluated) some toxicity on blood marrow cells of mice. Chemical characterization indicated that TEE had 74.33 ± 1.10 mg GAE/g of dried extract and SEE had 15.05 ± 0.06 mg GAE/g of dried extract of total phenolic content. Also, proanthocyanidins (O.D. at 550 nm 1.39 ± 0.15) and caffeic acid (2.46%) were identified in TEE. While, linoleic acid (58.84%) oleic acid (11.31%) and palmitic acid (8.37%) were major compounds of SEE. In conclusion, peanut consumption is safe at concentrations recommended for healthy uses, such as nutrition, and phytomedicine.

Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia

“…Jack bean, peanut, and winged bean are vegetable legume crops that grow a lot in tropical areas (Alalade et al 2016;Akande 2016;Candela et al 2020). These plants are widely used by people because they are rich in vitamins, proteins, and minerals.…”

“…According to Akande (2016), jack bean is reported to contain antinutritional substances, namely cyanogenic glycosides, trypsin inhibitors, concanavalin, canavanine, canaline, phenols, and saponins. Peanuts have substances of secondary metabolites, such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid, also anti-nutritional substances, such as tannins, cardiac glycosides, and nitrates (Candela et al 2020), whereas winged beans conceive tannin, oxalate, and phytate as anti-nutritional compounds (Alalade et al 2016). Not much information is reported that these three plants cause severe poisoning in livestock.…”

“…Not much information is reported that these three plants cause severe poisoning in livestock. Merely some information obtained stated that some of these antinutrients can cause a toxic effect on the blood marrow cells of mice, anorexia, bloat, rolling, to death in livestock (Akande 2016;Candela et al 2020). The legume plants have the potential to be developed as a highly nutritious animal feed, certainly with the proper processing of agricultural waste (Akande, 2016;Andriati et al 2018).…”

Determination of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Second Crop Season Peanut Cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean

“…It was determined that the average lignoceric acid ratio for two years varied between 1.07% and 1.78% (Table 6). The amount of lignoceric acid varied between 1.01-1.88%; Konuskan et al (2019), ligneceric 1.62%; Candela et al (2020) reported that the rate of lignoceric acid varies between 1.0-1.86%. The ratio of behenic acid in the studies was similar to our study.…”

Caatinga: barn of antioxidant and nutraceutical bio-actives

“…In addition, it is also ingested in the form of flour and candy (Limmongkon et al, 2018;Treuter et al, 2017). It is a legume with an abundance of nutrients and chemical constituents, such as proteins, carbohydrates, fibers, fats, niacin, folate, thiamine, arachidic acid, flavonoids, magnesium, phosphorus, polyphenols, and bioactive components (Limmongkon et al, 2018;Menis Candela et al, 2020).…”