Evaluation of Catalytic Activity of Acid Activated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in an Esterification Reaction

Minchitha, K U; Rekha, M.; Nagaraju, N.; Nagaraju, Kathyayini

doi:10.2174/2211544703666141119220811

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…One of the most often used methods of an activation of a carbon filler surface is comprised of its chemical solvent treatment. It generates covalently bonded functional groups [11]. As an effect of the treatment, the number of structural defects on the filler surface (e.g., CNTs sidewalls) increases, and various oxygen-containing functional groups are formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature plasma modification of carbon nanofillers for improved performance of advanced rubber composites

et al. 2019

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In modern polymer industry, there still is a room for new generations of fillers capable of enhancing the performance of composite materials. Currently, much effort is being put into a process of improving mechanical properties of elastomer materials. In this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) were modified with silane, titanate, or zirconate using plasma treatment, in order to apply them as fillers for styrene/butadiene rubber. Following its modification, filler surface was analyzed: Surface free energy (SFE) was measured with tensiometry, and micromorphology and chemical composition were studied with scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), while elemental composition and bonding were assessed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Low-temperature oxygen plasma activation of MWCNT fillers leads to a significant increase in the SFE polar component, with the same effect being much weaker for GnP fillers. Grafting silanes, zirconates, and titanates on activated filler surface results in a decrease in SFE polar component-surface oxygen-containing active groups react with silane/zirconate/titanate molecules. Fillers modified in this way exhibit different micromorphology and surface chemical composition what is revealed with the SEM-EDS, ToF-SIMS, and XPS techniques. As the ultimate step, either MWCNT or GnP rubber nanocomposites were manufactured using the modified fillers with their mechanical properties and cross-link density being studied. Filler modification resulted in substantial changes both in composite performance, and in its cross-linking density. In the case of modified filler containing composites, improved tensile strength and elongation at break were observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature plasma modification of carbon nanofillers for improved performance of advanced rubber composites

et al. 2019

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“…The spectra of pristine MWCNTs shows characteristic bands attributed to CH covalent and noncovalent vibrations at 3,008–2,800 cm −1 range. The vibration at ~1,623 cm −1 referees to the presence of CC group, whereas the different vibrations at ~1,415 cm −1 associated with CC skeleton . In the PBT‐g‐MWCTs spectra, the characteristic bands of CO ester linkage and thiophene attached to MWCTs are possessed at 1,720 and 690 cm −1 , respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Improvement of mechanical and dielectric properties of ethylene–octene copolymer by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with poly(2,2′‐bithiophene)

et al. 2019

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In this study, Baytube™ multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were in situ modified by graft-polymerized 2,2 0 -bithiophene. The obtained PBT-g-MWCNTs were used as fillers for the development of semi-conductive nanocomposites with ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC, ENGAGE™ 8540). The methods of infrared and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the filler materials. Composite specimens with neat MWCNTs and PBT-g-MWCNTs at their contents of 3, 5, and 10 wt% were made by ultra-sound assisted master batching method and their mechanical and dielectric properties were compared. The strength properties (storage modulus, tensile strength) and the elongation at break of the composites with high contents (> 3 wt%) of PBT-g-MWCNTs were notably improved comparing to EOC/MWCNT composites. A notable improvement by more than two orders of magnitude of EOC conductivity was determined at 10 wt% content of PBT-g-MWCNT compared to that of pristine MWCNTs used as the composite nanofiller. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3971-3980, 2019. POLYMER COMPOSITES-2019FIG. 7. The storage modulus (a), loss modulus (b), and damping factor (c) of pristine EOC and EOC composites as a function of temperature.

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Mineral acid-activated sugarcane bagasse ash as solid acid catalyst for the liquid phase esterification of acetic acid with n-amyl, benzyl, and n-butyl alcohols

Goda

Said

El-Aal

2022

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

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Evaluation of Catalytic Activity of Acid Activated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in an Esterification Reaction

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Low-temperature plasma modification of carbon nanofillers for improved performance of advanced rubber composites

Low-temperature plasma modification of carbon nanofillers for improved performance of advanced rubber composites

Improvement of mechanical and dielectric properties of ethylene–octene copolymer by multi‐walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with poly(2,2′‐bithiophene)

Mineral acid-activated sugarcane bagasse ash as solid acid catalyst for the liquid phase esterification of acetic acid with n-amyl, benzyl, and n-butyl alcohols

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