Evaluation of cardiovascular disease risk in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury

Abstract

General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.

What We Do and What We Should Do Against Malnutrition in Spinal Cord Injury: A Position Paper From Italian Spinal Cord Injury Network Rehabilitation Centers

“…Notably, even a BMI < 22 kg/m 2 can be associated with a percentage of body fat considered obese [ 82 ]. WC may be a better indicator of obesity and cardiovascular risk in SCI patients than BMI and waist-to-hip ratio [ 9 , 88 ].…”

The Diagnosis and Management of Cardiometabolic Risk and Cardiometabolic Syndrome after Spinal Cord Injury

“…Obesity has been used to indicate cardiometabolic risk after SCI. In a multicenter study at eight SCI rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands, Dorton et al [ 73 ] identified 257 people with chronic traumatic SCI and compared BMI, WC, and waist-to-hip ratio to cardiovascular disease risk. The authors reported that WC, compared to BMI and waist-to-hip ratio, had the strongest correlation with—and the largest area under—the curve of the Framingham Risk Score 10-year cardiovascular disease risk [ 73 ].…”

“…In a multicenter study at eight SCI rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands, Dorton et al [ 73 ] identified 257 people with chronic traumatic SCI and compared BMI, WC, and waist-to-hip ratio to cardiovascular disease risk. The authors reported that WC, compared to BMI and waist-to-hip ratio, had the strongest correlation with—and the largest area under—the curve of the Framingham Risk Score 10-year cardiovascular disease risk [ 73 ]. Mercier et al [ 74 ] reported that obesity (defined as a BMI ≥ 22 kg/m 2 ) was prevalent (82%) and co-occurred with most other CMS risk factors in a retrospective cohort study in 103 adults with SCI.…”

Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation to Stabilize Seated Systolic Blood Pressure in Persons With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol Development

“… 1 In persons with SCI, impaired autonomic nervous system (ANS) function gives rise to persistent hypotension and bradycardia, with episodic falls in blood pressure (BP) during orthostatic repositioning (orthostatic hypotension; OH) and severe increases in BP during autonomic dysreflexia (AD). Unmitigated hypotension and OH are associated with cognitive deficits, 2–5 decrease in exercise performance, 6 and adverse changes in health-related quality of life. 7 , 8 There is also an increased risk of stroke 9 and early-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease in persons with SCI compared to uninjured controls, 10 , 11 which has been associated with impaired cerebrovascular regulation and buffering of BP attributable to loss of integral autonomic hemodynamic regulation.…”