EVALUATION OF CARDIORESPIRATORY, BLOOD GAS, AND LACTATE VALUES DURING EXTENDED IMMOBILIZATION OF WHITE RHINOCEROS (<i>CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM</i>)

Buss, Peter; Olea‐Popelka, Francisco; Meyer, Leith C. R.; Hofmeyr, Jennifer; Mathebula, Nomkhosi; Kruger, Marius; Bruns, Angela; Martin, Laura; Miller, Michele

doi:10.1638/2014-0089r.1

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Although values of blood lactate were not available, it is likely that the acidosis was caused by an increase in lactic acid as commonly occurring in free-ranging herbivore capture. This is also supported by an overall increase in the anion gap [50]. Nonetheless, giraffes that had a greater excitement score, as well as those that, as a result, had longer times to casting and recumbency and have run for longer times or distances, had a significantly greater decrease in bicarbonates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Etorphine-Azaperone Immobilisation for Translocation of Free-Ranging Masai Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Tippelskirchi): A Pilot Study

Vitali

Kariuki

Mijele

et al. 2020

Animals

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Etorphine-azaperone immobilisation was evaluated for translocation of Masai giraffes. Nine giraffes were darted with 0.012 ± 0.001 mg/kg etorphine and 0.07 ± 0.01 mg/kg azaperone. Once ataxic, giraffes were roped for recumbency and restrained manually. Naltrexone (3 mg/mg etorphine) was immediately given intravenously to reverse etorphine-related side effects. Protocol evaluation included physiological monitoring, blood-gas analyses, anaesthetic times, and quality scores (1 = excellent, 4 = poor). Sedation onset and recumbency were achieved in 2.6 ± 0.8 and 5.6 ± 1.4 min. Cardio-respiratory function (HR = 70 ± 16, RR = 32 ± 8, MAP = 132 ± 16) and temperature (37.8 ± 0.5) were stable. Arterial gas analysis showed hypoxaemia in some individuals (PaO2 = 67 ± 8 mmHg) and metabolic acidosis (pH = 7.23 ± 0.05, PaCO2 = 34 ± 4 mmHg, HCO3− = 12.9 ± 1.2 mmol/l). Minor startle response occurred, while higher induction-induced excitement correlated to longer inductions, worse restraint, and decreased HCO3−. After 19 ± 3.5 min of restraint, giraffes were allowed to stand and were loaded onto a chariot. Immobilisations were good and scored 2 (1–3). Inductions and recoveries were smooth and scored 1 (1–2). Translocations were uneventful and no complications occurred in 14-days boma follow-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Etorphine-Azaperone Immobilisation for Translocation of Free-Ranging Masai Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Tippelskirchi): A Pilot Study

Vitali

Kariuki

Mijele

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…A decreased ratio does not usually result in hypercapnia since increasing PaCO 2 stimulates respiration. However, this response may be limited in opioid-immobilized rhinoceros because of alterations in chemoreceptor sensitivity (Buss et al 2015). Etorphine-induced pulmonary hypertension may contribute to hypoxaemia by hindering gas exchange across alveolar-capillary membranes because of pulmonary congestion with interstitial oedema or a decrease in blood flow passage time through pulmonary vasculature (Meyer et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…hyaluronidase, 25 mg butorphanol (1000-1250 kg), and 3.0 mg etorphine, 5000 i.u. hyaluronidase, 30 mg butorphanol (1250-1500 kg) (Haw et al 2014;Buss et al 2015). Azaperone was not included in the immobilizing drug combination because of potential confounding respiratory and cardiovascular effects (Portas 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, inconsistent changes in blood gases following butorphanol administration have been reported. Different explanations for the effect of butorphanol in white rhinoceros, including improved ventilation or possible alterations in metabolic activity, have been proposed (Miller et al 2013;Boardman et al 2014;Haw et al 2014;Buss et al 2015). The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of etorphine on respiration in immobilized rhinoceros and changes that occur following IV administration of butorphanol.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Postinduction butorphanol administration alters oxygen consumption to improve blood gases in etorphine-immobilized white rhinoceros

Buss

Miller

Fuller

et al. 2018

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Hypoxaemia and hypercapnia in etorphine-immobilized rhinoceros resulted from an increased [ [Formula: see text] ] and increased [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] associated with muscle tremors. Rather than being associated with changes in V˙e, it appears that improved blood gases following butorphanol administration were a consequence of decreased [Formula: see text] associated with reduced muscle tremoring.

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“…This site does provide an anesthetist with an easily accessible site for the collection of peri‐operative or other needed samples in the course of immobilization. Immobilization constitutes a significant physiologic stressor in white rhinoceros as measured by standard arteriovenous blood gas parameters [Buss et al, ]. Samples such as venous blood gases, serum lactate, and others may be drawn easily from this site, without significant interruption to monitoring or ventilation in the recumbent, intubated patient.…”

Section: Demonstration Of Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technique for venipuncture of the transverse facial vein in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

et al. 2016

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Through the use of operant conditioning, the authors developed a technique to facilitate obtaining blood samples from a black rhinoceros diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy. The technique involved operant conditioning to facilitate venipuncture of the transverse facial vein, at an anatomic landmark on the lateral side of the face ventral to the medial canthus of the eye, and dorsal to the lateral commissure of the mouth. The investigators used standard operant conditioning protocols to train the animal for desensitization to a needle puncture in the facial vein. Blood samples obtained from the facial location were free of excessive hemolysis and allowed for large volumes to be collected. The procedure was well-tolerated by the rhinoceros and could be performed regularly without complication. Zoo Biol. 35:570-573, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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EVALUATION OF CARDIORESPIRATORY, BLOOD GAS, AND LACTATE VALUES DURING EXTENDED IMMOBILIZATION OF WHITE RHINOCEROS (CERATOTHERIUM SIMUM)

Cited by 30 publications

References 95 publications

Etorphine-Azaperone Immobilisation for Translocation of Free-Ranging Masai Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Tippelskirchi): A Pilot Study

Etorphine-Azaperone Immobilisation for Translocation of Free-Ranging Masai Giraffes (Giraffa Camelopardalis Tippelskirchi): A Pilot Study

Postinduction butorphanol administration alters oxygen consumption to improve blood gases in etorphine-immobilized white rhinoceros

Technique for venipuncture of the transverse facial vein in the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)

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