Evaluation of cardiopulmonary and inflammatory markers in dogs with heartworm infection treated using the slow kill method

Yoon, Won-Kyoung; Yw, Kim; Si, Suh; Hyun, Changbaig

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.07.015

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Concentrations of biomarkers decreased significantly by 10 months in all dogs treated with IVM-doxy but, in some dogs, some biomarkers remained elevated at the end of treatment (6 months) and/or at the end of the study. This was more frequently the case for dogs with Class 3 HWD (61). In both studies, dogs treated with melarsomine showed significant reductions in biomarkers over the course of treatment, with improvements considered to be markedly better than for IVM-doxy (a direct comparison was not performed) (61,104).…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomarkers have been used as a measure of the severity of cardiopulmonary changes in HWD (61,(101)(102)(103)(104). These have not been measured during moxi-doxy treatment but were assessed in dogs given IVM-doxy (61). Concentrations of biomarkers decreased significantly by 10 months in all dogs treated with IVM-doxy but, in some dogs, some biomarkers remained elevated at the end of treatment (6 months) and/or at the end of the study.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these studies, IVM was used at the preventive dose of 6 μg/kg, but dosing frequency was increased to every 7 or 14 days ( Table 2 ). Dogs with Class 3 HWD had higher worm burdens and poorer IVM-doxy adulticide efficacy, compared with Class 1 and Class 2 disease ( 61 ).…”

Section: Efficacy Of Non-arsenical Adulticide Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on findings to date ( Table 1 ), approximately half of dogs may have NAD as early as 6 months after initiation of moxi-doxy treatment, with ~90% NAD by 12 months. Conversion to NAD status is expected to be slower in dogs with higher worm burdens ( 61 ). In one study, middle-aged dogs had higher worm burdens than younger and older dogs ( 94 ).…”

Section: Moxi-doxy: Testing To Confirm Treatment Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Accessible Alternative to Melarsomine: “Moxi-Doxy” for Treatment of Adult Heartworm Infection in Dogs

Jacobson

DiGangi

2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Canine heartworm infection, caused by the filarial parasite Dirofilaria immitis, represents a serious and expanding animal welfare concern that is expected to increase due to the effects of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. A body of evidence has emerged to support the use of a non-arsenical adulticide treatment protocol, using moxidectin and doxycycline to kill adult heartworms over a prolonged period. While a three-dose protocol using the arsenical drug melarsomine is currently the safest and most effective treatment for heartworm infection, this drug is not available in some countries and is inaccessible for many owners and animal shelters. Moxidectin-doxycycline (moxi-doxy) provides a viable alternative to no treatment at all, in cases where arsenical treatment is not possible. Based on current evidence, the most effective non-arsenical treatment regimen is doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO q 12 or 24 h for 28 days, combined with topical moxidectin at label dose. Moxidectin is repeated monthly until no antigen detected (NAD) status is confirmed. Sustained release injectable moxidectin, in combination with doxycycline, may provide an alternative in remote regions or in settings where significant compliance or accessibility concerns exist, but more studies are needed. In moxi-doxy protocols, doxycycline should be repeated annually until NAD. This review summarizes the safety and efficacy of moxi-doxy, addresses controversies surrounding this treatment approach, and provides detailed recommendations for treatment regimens and post-treatment testing.

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Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 96%