Evaluation of Burned Areas With Sentinel-2 Using Snap: The Case of Kineta and Mati, Greece, July 2018

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to compare the two largest forest fires that occurred in Greece in July 2018 using metrics for burned area and burn severity mapping, derived only from free satellite data. Sentinel-2 satellite images of the European Space Agency (ESA) within the Copernicus program provide a spatial resolution of 10 m, which facilitates more accurate monitoring of environmental phenomena such as forest fires. The processing of the satellite images and the calculation of the metrics was performed using SNAP software, which is an open-source software developed by ESA. The mapping of the obtained results was performed in the QGIS software, which is also an open-source software. The delimitation of the burned area and the classification of the severity of both wildfires was performed using the Relativized Burn Ratio (RBR) satellite index. These results were contrasted with the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) maps related to these two events. Our results obtained in relation to the size of the burned area show smaller affected areas than the Copernicus Emergency Management Service maps. This is explained by the different methods used in the delimitation of the burned areas. In the case of Mati's wildfire the EMS has created the thematic layer by means of visual interpretation using post-event satellite image and in the case of Kineta's wildfire was applied a semi-automatic approach. Moreover, in this study is proposed and evaluated a new burn severity metric, the burned vegetation index (BVI) which shows where the most significant changes in healthy vegetation occurred. This new index was compared with RBR, dNDVI and dNBR using statistical correlation. The results indicate that BVI shows better the burned vegetation and its statistical correlation with RBR is significant (R 2 = 0.92).

Investigation Of The Beliefs And Assessment Of The Security Feeling In Primary Education In Greece In Relationship To Rapid Onset Natural Disasters.

“…During the last years, Greece has faced many rapid onset situation, such as the destructive conflagration at Mati, Attica, summer 2018 (Lekkas, 2018;Kovács, 2019;Lagouvardos et al, 2019;Efthimiou et al, 2020;Vallianou et al, 2020;Garlichs et al, 2021;Zabaniotou et al, 2021), the torren t overflows at Mandra, Attica, autumn 2017 (Andreadakis et al, 2018;Diakakis et al, 2019;Speis, 2019;Varlas et al, 2019;Diakakis et al, 2020aDiakakis et al, , 2020bKanellopoulos et al, 2020), and Politika, Psachna and Vassilika, Euboea, summer 2020Karkani et al, 2021), common cataclysmic rainfalls, the sweeping typhon in Lefkada, August 2020, the earthquake and the consequent tsunami in Samos, October 2020 Papadimitriou et al, 2020;Evelpidou et al, 2021), the great earthquake in Elassona, March, 2021 (Mavroulis et al, 2021;Lekkas et al, 2021a), the catastrophic fires in Attica and Evia in the summer of 2021 (Lekkas et al, 2021b) and many others. It is also worth mentioning that in almost all the aforementioned natural disaster cases, many human lives were mourned.…”

The estimated total area of forest fire in Siak Regency, Riau Province during the early period of COVID-19 outbreak

“…Channel 8 is a channel that displays data with Near Infrared (NIR) techniques, while channel 12 can display data related to Shortwave Infrared (SWIR). The equation for calculating the two variables [19] is:…”

Business Cycle Impact on Pollution Levels in the City of Madrid Using Functional Data

“…Even though the evolution of many variables of interest takes place over a continuous time period, in the context of scientific investigations their study is often carried out from a more transversal and discrete perspective, which leads to a loss of relevant information regarding the 'natural' behavior of the phenomenon under study (Kovács, 2018;Fontana, Tavoni & Vantini, 2019). Therefore, the choice to resort to functions as a mathematical tool seems to be natural for a scientist who aims at capturing the continuous-time behaviour of a phenomenon (Li & Chow, 2005).…”