Evaluation of Bulk Sediment Sampling Criteria for Gravel-Bed Rivers

Haschenburger, Judith K.; Rice, Stephen P.; Voyde, Emily

doi:10.2110/jsr.2007.040

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Site 3, Figure 3). These results indicate the relative ease of characterizing matrix-supported beds, which is consistent with recent analysis (Haschenburger et al, 2007).Where armouring is strong (e.g. where the armour ratio greatly exceeds a value of 2), the sampler is limited by the ratio of its penetration depth to the size of D 90 , or size of which 90% of the material is finer than (or any characteristic A new bed material sediment sampler 2283 coarse grain size), as well as by its aperture size.…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Site 3, Figure 3). These results indicate the relative ease of characterizing matrix-supported beds, which is consistent with recent analysis (Haschenburger et al, 2007).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Based on the preliminary field tests of the Cooper Scooper prototype, I am currently constructing a larger, heavier, and refined version of the Cooper Scooper that will facilitate more rigorous field testing to establish specific criteria for achieving unbiased sample estimates for a particular physical environment (e.g. as suggested by Haschenburger et al, 2007). I expect a larger version of the Cooper Scooper to shift the aforementioned coarse clast concentration to increasingly large values of D 90 , making it more suitable for well armoured beds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the logistical difficulty of obtaining samples that satisfy the stringent Church et al (1987) criterion, various studies have aimed to limit sampling efforts (e.g. Rice and Haschenburger, 2004;Haschenburger et al, 2007). In challenging sampling conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Subaqueous Channel Field Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new sampler for extracting bed material sediment from sand and gravel beds in navigable rivers

Singer

2008

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Grain-size distributions of bed material sediment in large alluvial rivers are required in various scientific and management applications, but characterizing gravel beds in navigable rivers is hampered by difficulties in sediment extraction. The newly developed and preliminarily tested sampler reported here can extract sediment from a range of riverbeds. The 36 × × × × × 23 × × × × × 28 cm stainless steel toothed sampler is deployed from and dragged downstream by the weight of a jet boat, and it improves upon previous samplers that are unable to penetrate gravel bed surfaces, have small apertures, and/or cannot retain fine sediment. The presented sampler was used to extract 167 bed material sediment samples of up to 16 kg (dry weight) with an average sample size of ~6 kg from 67 cross-sections spanning 160 river kilometres along the Sacramento River. It was also tested at three sites on a subaerial bar to compare surface, subsurface, and sampler distributions. Sampler penetration is ~5 cm. The device collects individual samples that satisfy the criterion for bed material sediment whereby the largest particle comprises no more than 5% of the total sample mass in gravel and sand beds, except where the degree of surface armouring is large (e.g. armor ratios >> >> >> >> >> 2) and where more than 10% of bed material sediment is composed of grains larger than 64 mm. When aggregated samples exceed 15 kg, all satisfy the criterion whereby the largest particle comprises no more than 1% of the total sample mass. Samples closely resemble surface size distributions, except where armouring is strong. The sampler should be subject to more rigorous field testing, but many of its current limitations are expected to become negligible with the advent a larger, heavier version of the sampling device. Figure 1. Upper: stainless steel Cooper Scooper dimensions. The rotating bar is 92 cm long. Lower: primary features of the Cooper Scooper.sampler was deployed from a 6 m North River Osprey inboard flat-bottom jet boat owned and operated by the California Department of Water Resources. Samples were removed from the sampler by hand and bagged for subsequent drying, sieving, and weighing.As a proxy verification of sampler efficacy for subaqueous beds, the sampler was also tested on a subaerial bar along the Sacramento River, in order to determine which population of sediment the Cooper Scooper collects for varying surface grain-size distributions. For each of three predefined and visually consistent areas of surface grain size, three sets of analyses were performed: (1) a Wolman count of 100 randomly chosen pebbles of surface material;(2) sieve analysis of subsurface grain size (extracted via Cooper Scooper with the surface layer removed); and (3) sieve analysis of a drag sample on the undisturbed bar surface collected via Cooper Scooper. It is worth noting that I 2280 M. B. Singer Figure 2. Example grain-size distributions from (a) three sites representing different ends of the grain-size range and (b) three locations within a single cro...

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supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Site 3, Figure 3). These results indicate the relative ease of characterizing matrix-supported beds, which is consistent with recent analysis (Haschenburger et al, 2007).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subaqueous Channel Field Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new sampler for extracting bed material sediment from sand and gravel beds in navigable rivers

Singer

2008

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The coarsest grain in the sample was 420 mm across and represented 8Á3% of the entire sample instead of the recommended 1% or less (Church et al, 1987). Matrix-supported mixtures achieve low bias (< 10%) in nearly all percentiles once 10% of the mass recommended by Church et al (1987) has been measured (Haschenburger et al, 2007), thus it is assumed that the error associated with the D 50 calculation is < 10%. In addition, a second subsurface distribution was also calculated that included only clasts ≥ 180 mm, essentially removing the boulders that were tallied individually.…”

Section: Grain Size Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong seasonality in sand loading and resulting feedbacks on sediment transport, bed texture, and channel planform at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

Gran

2012

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Declining sand inputs to a channel with bimodal bed sediment can lead to degradation, armoring, and reduced bedload transport rates. Where sand loading is episodic, channels may alternate between high‐sand and low‐sand conditions, with ensuing responses in bed texture and bedload transport rates. The effects of episodic sand loading are explored through flow, grain size, and bedload transport measurements on the Pasig‐Potrero River, a sediment‐rich channel draining Mount Pinatubo, Philippines. Sand loading on the Pasig‐Potrero River is highly seasonal, and channel adjustments between seasons are dramatic. In the rainy season, inputs from sand‐rich 1991 eruption deposits lead to active, sand‐bedded, braided channels. In the dry season, many precipitation‐driven sand sources are cut off, leading to incision, armoring, and significantly lower bedload transport rates. This seasonal transition offers an excellent opportunity to examine models of degradation, incision, and armoring as well as the effectiveness of sediment transport models that explicitly encapsulate the importance of sand on transport rates. During the fall 2009 seasonal transition, 7·6 km of channel incised and armored, carving a 2–3 m deep channel on the upper alluvial fan. Bedload transport rates measured in the August 2009 rainy season were over four orders of magnitude greater than gravel‐bedded dry‐season channels surveyed in January 2010, despite having similar shear stress and unit discharge conditions. Within dry‐season incised channels, bed armoring is rapid, leading to an abrupt gravel‐sand transition. Bedload transport rates adjust more slowly, creating a lag between armoring and commensurate reductions in transport. Seasonal channel incision occurred in steps, aided by lateral migration into sand‐rich banks. These lateral sand inputs may increase armor layer mobility, renewing incision, and forming terraces within the incised seasonal channel. The seasonal incised channel is currently being reset by precipitation‐driven sand loading during the next rainy season, and the cycle begins again. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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On Gravel Exchange in Natural Channels

Haschenburger

2012

Gravel‐Bed Rivers

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Evaluation of Bulk Sediment Sampling Criteria for Gravel-Bed Rivers

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

A new sampler for extracting bed material sediment from sand and gravel beds in navigable rivers

A new sampler for extracting bed material sediment from sand and gravel beds in navigable rivers

Strong seasonality in sand loading and resulting feedbacks on sediment transport, bed texture, and channel planform at Mount Pinatubo, Philippines

On Gravel Exchange in Natural Channels

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