Evaluation of Brucellosis Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review

Heidary, Mohsen; Dashtbin, Shirin; Ghanavati, Roya; Ari, Marzie Mahdizade; Bostanghadiri, Narjess; Darbandi, Atieh; Navidifar, Tahereh; Talebi, Malihe

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.925773

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Since the beginning of the twentieth century, there have been a number of inquiries and research projects that have been devoted to developing brucellosis vaccines. The production of vaccines against brucellosis has involved the use of inactivated, live-attenuated, and rough-attenuated vaccines [ 47 ]. Brucella vaccines play an important role in the prophylactic control of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas

et al. 2023

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Brucellosis is considered one of the most serious zoonotic diseases worldwide. This disease affects both human and animal health, in addition to being one of the most widespread zoonotic illnesses in the Middle East and Northern Africa. Human brucellosis generally presents in a diverse and non-specific manner, making laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis critical to the patient’s recovery. A coordinated strategy for diagnosing and controlling brucellosis throughout the Middle East is required, as this disease cannot be known to occur without reliable microbiological, molecular, and epidemiological evidence. Consequently, the current review focuses on the current and emerging microbiological diagnostic tools for the early detection and control of human brucellosis. Laboratory assays such as culturing, serology, and molecular analysis can frequently be used to diagnose brucellosis. Although serological markers and nucleic acid amplification techniques are extremely sensitive, and extensive experience has been gained with these techniques in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis, a culture is still considered to be the “gold standard” due to the importance of this aspect of public health and clinical care. In endemic regions, however, serological tests remain the primary method of diagnosis due to their low cost, user-friendliness, and strong ability to provide a negative prediction, so they are commonly used. A nucleic acid amplification assay, which is highly sensitive, specific, and safe, is capable of enabling rapid disease diagnosis. Patients who have reportedly fully healed may continue to have positive molecular test results for a long time. Therefore, cultures and serological methods will continue to be the main tools for diagnosing and following up on human brucellosis for as long as no commercial tests or studies demonstrate adequate interlaboratory reproducibility. As there is no approved vaccine that prevents human brucellosis, vaccination-based control of animal brucellosis has become an important part of the management of human brucellosis. Over the past few decades, several studies have been conducted to develop Brucella vaccines, but the problem of controlling brucellosis in both humans and animals remains challenging. Therefore, this review also aims to present an updated overview of the different types of brucellosis vaccines that are currently available.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas

et al. 2023

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“…Vaccination and intensive diagnostics are the primary approaches for brucellosis control worldwide ( 49 , 50 ). The lack of human vaccines and the problems with veterinary vaccines, such as abortion in pregnant animals, have made the development of ideal vaccines that are highly immunogenic, safe, and provide long-lasting protection a hot topic ( 51 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the mechanism of rough phenotype in a naturally attenuated Brucella strain: insights from whole genome sequencing

Han,

Wei,

Sun

et al. 2024

Front. Med.

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ObjectiveBrucellosis, a significant zoonotic disease, not only impacts animal health but also profoundly influences the host immune responses through gut microbiome. Our research focuses on whole genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of these Brucella strains to understand the mechanisms of their virulence changes that may deepen our comprehension of the host immune dysregulation.MethodsThe Brucella melitensis strain CMCC55210 and its naturally attenuated variant CMCC55210a were used as models. Biochemical identification tests and in vivo experiments in mice verified the characteristics of the strain. To understand the mechanism of attenuation, we then performed de novo sequencing of these two strains.ResultsWe discovered notable genomic differences between the two strains, with a key single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation in the manB gene potentially altering lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure and influencing host immunity to the pathogen. This mutation might contribute to the attenuated strain's altered impact on the host's macrophage immune response, overing insights into the mechanisms of immune dysregulation linked to intracellular survival. Furthermore, we explore that manipulating the Type I restriction-modification system in Brucella can significantly impact its genome stability with the DNA damage response, consequently affecting the host's immune system.ConclusionThis study not only contributes to understanding the complex relationship between pathogens, and the immune system but also opens avenues for innovative therapeutic interventions in inflammatory diseases driven by microbial and immune dysregulation.

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“…Several subunit vaccine candidates have also been tested against B. melitensis. For example, Omp31 [101], Omp16 [102], rE2o [103], DnaK [104], OMP25-BLS fusion protein [105], Ndk, Dps, InpB and Aspc [106], etc [107] but none of them can clear the pathogen. Similarly, some studies reported nanoparticles containing Brucella vaccine candidates to induce IgM, IgG and mucosal IgA, together with IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-12 in animal models [108].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An In-depth Genomic Investigation to Design a Multi-Epitope Based Vaccine against Brucellosis

Hameed

Mohammed

Jassim

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Brucella melitensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus that causes brucellosis in humans when they come into contact with infected animal meat or consumed raw milk. The lack of effective treatment and increasing antibiotic resistant patterns shown by B. melitensis warrant the search for novel therapeutic targets. In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics, reverse vaccinology, and biophysics techniques were employed to design a novel multi-epitopes-based vaccine (MEBV) against B. melitensis. Pan-genomics, subtractive proteomics and immunoinformatic studies revealed three core proteins: Flagellar hook protein (FlgE), TonB-dependent receptor, and Porin family protein as promising vaccine targets. The proteins have exposed topology, are antigenic, and are adhesin. Furthermore, B and T cell epitopes were predicted from these target proteins. Highly antigenic, immunogenic, and non-allergenic epitopes were shortlisted and used in the MEBV vaccine design. The designed MEBV also showed stable docked conformation with different immune receptors such as MHC-I, MHC-II, and TLR-4. It was found that all three systems showed robust binding energies with net binding energy < -300 kcal/mol. The van der Waals and electrostatic energies were the dominating energies and were found to be the stabilizing factors of complexes. The designed vaccine contains antigenic epitopes that were filtered using stringent criteria. The vaccine was also predicted to generate promising immunological responses and thus could be an attractive candidate for evaluation in experimental studies.

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Evaluation of Brucellosis Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 33 publications

References 166 publications

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas

Investigating the mechanism of rough phenotype in a naturally attenuated Brucella strain: insights from whole genome sequencing

An In-depth Genomic Investigation to Design a Multi-Epitope Based Vaccine against Brucellosis

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