Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age

Immunogenicity of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines in children: A review with ChatGPT

“…43,44 Consistently, neutralizing antibody titers were noninferior in the various pediatric age groups tested, and the point estimates of the geometric mean ratios (GMR) for neutralization in most trials exceeded 1.0 when compared to the older-aged standard group, suggesting neutralizing antibody responses increased with younger age. [26][27][28][29][30][31] After two doses of BNT162b2 in adolescents aged 12-15 years, the GMR of neutralization titers was 1.76 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.47-2.10) compared to participants aged 16-25 years who received two doses of BNT162b2. 26 Two separate studies reported higher neutralizing antibody responses in children aged 6-11 years who received two doses of 50 μg mRNA-1273 (GMR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4) and in children aged 6-23 months who received two doses of 25 μg mRNA-1273 (GMR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5) when compared to young adults aged 18-25 years who received two doses of the 100 μg dose formulation.…”

“…The mRNA vaccines, specifically BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, induce robust antibody responses in children and adolescents. [26][27][28][29][30][31] In pivotal trials, investigators compared neutralization titers in the pediatric age group of interest to an older age group for which clinical efficacy had been demonstrated previously. [26][27][28][29][30][31] This is known as the immunobridging approach and is based on the correlation between neutralization and efficacy against infection.…”

“…[26][27][28][29][30][31] In pivotal trials, investigators compared neutralization titers in the pediatric age group of interest to an older age group for which clinical efficacy had been demonstrated previously. [26][27][28][29][30][31] This is known as the immunobridging approach and is based on the correlation between neutralization and efficacy against infection. 43,44 Consistently, neutralizing antibody titers were noninferior in the various pediatric age groups tested, and the point estimates of the geometric mean ratios (GMR) for neutralization in most trials exceeded 1.0 when compared to the older-aged standard group, suggesting neutralizing antibody responses increased with younger age.…”

“…19,23,24 The recently developed mRNA-based, such as BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech, or INN-tozinameran, Comirnaty) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna, or INN-elasomeran, Spikevax), and inactivated whole-virus vaccines, such as CoronaVac (Sinovac, or PiCoVacc) and BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm, or NVSI-06-07), have been evaluated and used in children and adolescents worldwide (Figure 1). [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] The mRNA vaccine is a novel platform, whereby the RNA transcript of the spike (S) gene of the SARS-CoV-2 is injected into the recipient, which is translated by the host into the S protein antigen to trigger an immune response. 34 On the other hand, inactivated vaccines are based on the more conventional method of introducing an inactivated form of the whole virion, which includes all the structural proteins, such as S, nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins, and usually an adjuvant as well, into the host to stimulate the immune system.…”

Impact of COVID-19 on mortality under 5 years old

“…Sir, Munoz et al studies efficacy and safety of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in children younger than 5 years of age. 1 Their research inspired us to study the impact of COVID-19 on mortality among children under five years of age. According to CDC, 2 the dataset 3 entitled “ AH_Deaths_by_Year__Sex__and_Age_for_2015–2020.csv” from 2015 to 2020 is available in public.…”