Evaluation of Bismuth Modified Carbon Thread Electrode for Simultaneous and Highly Sensitive Cd (II) and Pb (II) Determination

Abstract

Bismuth film modified and chemically activated carbon micro‐thread electrodes were investigated for the simultaneous determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The carbon thread electrode was characterised using both surface and electrochemical techniques. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies demonstrated that the H2SO4/IPA‐treated carbon thread electrode showed a much improved resistance response (Rct=23 Ω) compared to the IPA‐untreated carbon thread (Rct=8317 Ω). Furthermore, parameters such as the effect of deposition potential, deposition time and Bi(III) concentration were explored using square wave voltammetry. Detection limits (S/N=3) for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were found to be 1.08 µg L−1 and 0.87 µg L−1, respectively and response was found to be linear over the range 5–110 µg L−1. The proposed Bi/IPA‐treated carbon thread electrode exhibited a high selectivity towards Cd(II) and Pb(II) even in the presence of a range of heavy metals and is capable of repetitive and reproducible measurements, being attributed to the high surface area, geometry and electrode treatment characteristics. The proposed metal ion sensor was employed to determine cadmium and lead in river water samples and % RSD was found to be 5.46 % and 5.93 % for Cd(II) and Pb(II) respectively (n=3). Such facile sensing components favour the development of cost effective portable devices for environmental sample analysis and electrochemical applications.

Advances in Nanomaterials and Colorimetric Detection of Arsenic in Water: Review and Future Perspectives

“…This versatility allows carbon materials to be tailored for a wide range of applications. Various carbon-based materials have been explored in numerous sensing applications [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ]. This adaptability is particularly relevant in the context of arsenic detection, where the specific properties of nanostructured carbon allotropes can be leveraged for enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.…”

The synthesis and application of (E)-N′-(benzo[d]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)-4-methyl-benzenesulfonohydrazide for the detection of carcinogenic lead

“…This distinctly demonstrated that the proposed sensor can be used without any primary changes in its sensitivity for up to few days. A comparison of the Pb 2+ detection using different organic compound-based sensors [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] is discussed and presented in Table 3. According to the comparative study of previous sensors with various organic materials, the highest sensitivity value was found with our fabricated sensor probe (BDMMBSH/GCE/NF) for the detection of lead ions.…”

Detection of Lead Using a Sensitive Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Method Based on Composite Mesoporous Silica/Bismuth Oxychloride Modified Electrode

“…The interference study of the sensor; atomic ratios calculated by XPS and EDS analysis; EDS mapping results; small angle XRD patterns, XPS and high resolution spectra of materials; cyclic voltammograms of BiOCl-KIT-6/GCE; SWASV running parameters as well as recorded assay curves of Pb 2 + using different electrodes are detailed in the Supporting Information. BiBE SWASV -1.40 180 10-100 0.093 [32] Bi/Au-GN-Cys/GCE SWASV -1.20 800 0.50-40 0.05 [33] BiF-EPPGE SWASV -1.20 240 0.2-200 0.101 [34] nBi-BchCPE DPAdSV -0.80 30 1.036-207.2 0.292 [35] Bi -CTE SWASV -1.10 300 5-110 0.87 [36] BiOCl-KIT-6/GCE SWASV -1.10 120 0.2-300 0.033 This work a 10 min deposition time; N/A: Not available 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57…”