Evaluation of bishexadecyltrimethyl ammonium palladium tetrachloride based dual functional colloidal carrier as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent

Abstract

We have developed a dual function carrier using bishexadecyltrimethyl ammonium palladium tetrachloride, which has anticancer as well as antibacterial activity, using a ligand insertion method with a simple and easy work procedure. The complex is prepared by a simple and cost effective method using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride and palladium chloride under controlled stoichiometry. Herein, we report the aggregation (self assembly) of the metallosurfactant having palladium as a counter ion, in aqueous medium along with its binding affinity with bovine serum albumin. The palladium surfactant has exhibited excellent antimicrobial efficacy against fungus and bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria). Cytotoxicity of palladium surfactant against cancerous (Human leukemia HL-60, pancreatic MIA-Pa-Ca-2 and prostate cancer PC-3) and healthy cells (fR2 human breast epithelial cells) was also evaluated using MTT assay. The present dual functional moiety shows a low IC50 value and has potential to be used as an anticancer agent. Our dual function carrier which itself possesses antimicrobial and anticancer activity represents a simple and effective system and can also be utilized as a drug carrier in the future.

Synthesis of highly monodisperse Pd nanoparticles using a binary surfactant combination and sodium oleate as a reductant

“…Kaur et al showed that the precipitation of Pd(II) and CTAC could be due to metalomicelles in water. 38 This is also observed for Pd-CTAB. 39,40 Importantly, Yagyu et al 40 suggested that the metal ion is found on the periphery moiety of micelles rather than core; i.e.…”

“…CTAC also reacts with PdCl 4 2− to form complex-surfactant postmicellar/organic salt aggregates. 38 Upon the addition of CTAC/NaOL to Na 2 PdCl 4 , the colour of the solution changed from yellow to orange and then it transformed into a orange precipitate. Kaur et al showed that the precipitation of Pd( ii ) and CTAC could be due to metalomicelles in water.…”

Transition Metal-Based Dimeric Metallosurfactants: From Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Structures and Low-Dimensional Magnets to Metallomicelles

“…Another class of surfactants that has drawn much attention lately is metallosurfactants. − This term is commonly used to designate compounds that behave as surfactants and contain a metal in their molecular structures as part of the headgroup (type 1), hydrophobic tail (type 2), or counterion (type 3) . Recent reports have revealed that metallosurfactants exhibit enhanced physicochemical properties compared to conventional surfactants. − For this reason, metallosurfactants have been studied for a broad spectrum of applications such as catalysis, anticancer, and antimicrobial agents, , in nanoparticles synthesis, − drug-delivery, , and templates for mesoporous materials. , When considering, in particular, dimeric surfactants, only two types of their metalloderivatives have been reported in the literature. Yi et al have investigated a homologous series of dimeric surfactants: m -2- m [XCl 3 Br] ( m = 14, 16, 18) with X = Fe, Ce, and Gd .…”

Self-Assembling Metallocomplexes of the Amphiphilic 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Derivative as a Platform for the Development of Nonplatinum Anticancer Drugs

“…The anticancer activity of micelle-forming complexes based on various metals and ligands has been investigated in a number of publications. − ,− For these metallosurfactants, literature data are available on the significant role of structural factors (ligand composition, hydrophobicity, and nature of the metal) responsible for the anticancer activity of the complexes. Thus, for the human cervical cancer cell line (M-HeLa), the inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) for the double-chain surfactant–ruthenium­(II) complexes is lower than that for the single-chain complexes…”