Evaluation of biokinetic parameters for pharmaceutical wastewaters using aerobic oxidation integrated with chemical treatment

Treatment options for wastewater effluents from pharmaceutical companies

“…Biological treatment methods have traditionally been used for the management of pharmaceutical wastewater (Suman Raj and Anjaneyulu, 2005). They may be subdivided into aerobic and anaerobic processes.…”

“…They may be subdivided into aerobic and anaerobic processes. Aerobic applications include activated sludge, membrane batch reactors and sequence batch reactors (LaPara et al, 2002;Suman Raj and Anjaneyulu, 2005;Noble, 2006;Chang et al, 2008 andChen et al, 2008). Anaerobic methods include anaerobic sludge reactors, anaerobic film reactors and anaerobic filters (Gangagni et al, 2005;Enright et al, 2005;Chelliapan et al, 2006;Oktem et al, 2007;Sreekanth et al, 2009).…”

“…Solvents, APIs, intermediates and raw materials represent biologically recalcitrant substances which affect the efficiency of biological treatment systems (Oz et al, 2004;Helmig et al, 2007). Activated sludge (AS) treatment is unsuitable for the treatment of wastewater where the COD levels are greater than 4000 mg/L (Suman Raj and Anjaneyulu, 2005).…”

“…Sci. Tech., 8 (3), 649-666, Summer 2011 batch operation of pharmaceutical production facilities (LaPara et al, 2001a;LaPara et al, 2002;Suman Raj and Anjaneyulu, 2005). These variables require modification for adaptation to pharmaceutical industry wastewater.…”

“…Biological treatment of wastewater is the most common and economical wastewater treatment method (Kulik et al, 2008). However, biological methods have shown to be insufficient for the removal of all potentially hazardous constituents of the wastewater (Clara et al, 2005;Joss et al, 2005;Suman Raj and Anjaneyulu, 2005;Giri et al, 2008;. Recently, Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology, ozonation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown varying degrees of efficiency for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters (Andreozzi et al, 2005;Frimmel, 2005a, Perez-Estrada et al, 2005a;Andreozzi et al, 2006;Helmig et al, 2007).…”