Evaluation of bi‐directional single‐inductor multi‐input battery system with state‐of‐charge balancing control

Abstract

This study presents a bi-directional single-inductor multi-input single-output battery system with state-of-charge (SOC) balancing controller. In the discharging operation mode of the battery system, the SOC balancing between multiple batteries is achieved by adaptively modulating the multipliers of the discharging rate of each battery cell, while maintaining the output voltage regulated at the desired value by modulating the average value of duty cycle of the power converter. The SOC balancing is achieved naturally during the operation of the system without extra energy dissipation or charge transfer between the batteries. In the charging operation mode, each battery can be charged independently by using the same bi-directional power stage. The convergence ability of the SOC balancing controller is discussed and results obtained from a proof of concept experimental prototype are presented and discussed in order to evaluate and validate the operation of the controller and system.

Small-Signal Modeling and Analysis for a Wirelessly Distributed and Enabled Battery Energy Storage System of Electric Vehicles

“…Instead, it is a combination of both systems. Table 2 shows a comparison between the presented WEDES system in this paper, conventional WPT system [18,21,22], and conventional BESS system [23][24][25]. It is shown that the presented WEDES system combines the advantages of both the conventional WPT system and BESS system, and can achieve bus voltage regulation and SOC balancing, and allow for fast and safe exchange/swapping of smaller and lighter battery modules with WPT technology.…”

Comparative analysis on selection and synthesis of multiple input converters: a review

“…The parallel‐connected MICs are popular for achieving high gain without isolation requirements. Thus these find their applications in the fields of RES, smart grids, ESS, HEVs where high dc gain is the major requirement [13, 14, 17–22, 24, 25, 30, 38, 46–48, 53, 54, 56, 57, 88].…”

“…14 a [8]. Thereby, these modular MICs increase the reliability of the overall system which is significant in several applications like micro and nanogrids, EVs, and ESS [11–14, 16–20, 22, 24, 25, 33, 35, 38, 46, 48, 54, 57, 88]. The modularity in the source end can comfortably be extended to the load end and make the system modular on the source and load end as well.…”

“…With the advent increase in the advancements of multiple input converters (MICs), researchers have focused on developing MIC structures for various applications. For instance, state-of-the-art emphasising the topology has been presented in [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], whereas, state-of-the-art discussed in [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] emphasises on the MIC for hybrid energy systems applications. Further, MIC for PV applications has been reported in [11,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] and MIC for hybrid vehicles has been discussed in [33,35,[45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

A Battery Management System with Charge Balancing and Aging Detection Based on ANN

“…The balancing is limited to only two cells and the charging speed is not optimized with operating conditions. In [5], bidirectional charging/discharging balance is adopted.…”