Evaluation of Behavioral Risk Factors of Echinococcosis and  Alveococcosis in Endemic Regions of the Kyrgyz Republic

Raimkulov, K.M.; Тойгомбаева, В.С.; Kuttubaev, O.T.

doi:10.33092/0025-8326mp2019.3.10-14

Cited by 1 publication

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“…23 The presence of significant alveolar echinococcosis hotspots in local communities in the At-Bashy district in central Kyrgyzstan is in line with high prevalence of E multilocularis in foxes (64%), dogs (18%), and rodents (6•6%) estimated between 10 and 15 years previously in the same area. [24][25][26] This finding is consis tent with the long alveolar echinococcosis latency of 10-15 years. 2 By contrast, only 0•3% of rodents were found to be infected with E multilocularis in the neighbouring Kochkor district, 26 where we did not detect significant hotspots of alveolar echinococcosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…[24][25][26] This finding is consis tent with the long alveolar echinococcosis latency of 10-15 years. 2 By contrast, only 0•3% of rodents were found to be infected with E multilocularis in the neighbouring Kochkor district, 26 where we did not detect significant hotspots of alveolar echinococcosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Averaged and annual regional and district-level estimates of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis incidence are presented in the appendix 2 (pp [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][26][27], as well as district-level standardised surgical incidences and hotspots of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echino coccosis. Spatial analyses at district level revealed significant cystic echinococcosis hotspots in the Batken district (Batken region), and in the districts of Alay, Chong-Alay, Kara-Kulja, and Uzgen (Osh region).…”

Section: Role Of the Funding Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: an analysis of national surveillance data

Paternoster

Boo

Wang

et al. 2020

The Lancet Global Health

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Background Human cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are among the priority neglected zoonotic diseases for which WHO advocates control. The incidence of both cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis has increased substantially in the past 30 years in Kyrgyzstan. Given the scarcity of adequate data on the local geographical variation of these focal diseases, we aimed to investigate within-country incidence and geographical variation of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis at a high spatial resolution in Kyrgyzstan.Methods We mapped all confirmed surgical cases of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis reported through the national echinococcosis surveillance system in Kyrgyzstan between Jan 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2016, from nine regional databases. We then estimated crude surgical incidence, standardised incidence, and standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) of primary cases (ie, excluding relapses) based on age and sex at country, region, district, and local community levels. Finally, we tested the SIRs for global and local spatial autocorrelation to identify disease hotspots at the local community level. All incidence estimates were calculated per 100 000 population and averaged across the 3-year study period to obtain annual estimates. Findings The surveillance system reported 2359 primary surgical cases of cystic echinococcosis and 546 primary surgical cases of alveolar echinococcosis. Country-level crude surgical incidence was 13•1 per 100 000 population per year for cystic echinococcosis and 3•02 per 100 000 population per year for alveolar echinococcosis. At the local community level, we found annual crude surgical incidences up to 176 per 100 000 population in Sary-Kamysh (Jalal-Abad region) for cystic echinococcosis and 246 per 100 000 population in Uch-Dobo (Alay district, Osh region) for alveolar echinococcosis. Significant hotspots of cystic echinococcosis were found in four regions: Osh (five local communities in Uzgen district and four in Alay district), Naryn (three local communities in Jumgal district and one in Naryn district), Talas (three local communities in Talas district), and Chuy (one local community in Jayyl district). Significant alveolar echinococcosis hotspots were detected in the Osh region (11 communities in Alay district, including the local community of Sary Mogol, and one in Chong-Alay district) and in the Naryn region (five communities in Jumgal district and three in At-Bashy district), in the southwest and centre of the country.Interpretation Our analyses reveal remarkable within-country variation in the surgical incidence of cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan. These high-resolution maps identify precise locations where interventions and epidemiological research should be targeted to reduce the burden of human cystic echinococcosis and alveolar echinococcosis.

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