Evaluation of baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in an Italian population according to age, sex, smoking habits, and gene polymorphisms

Santovito, Alfredo; Gendusa, Claudio; Cervella, Piero

doi:10.1002/ajhb.23034

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Therefore, analyzing the percentage of HFC, as a "measure of SCE rate" may be more sensitive than the mean of SCE to detect effects due to chemical exposure, such as smoking, when an effect is not clearly detected by differences in mean SCE value (95). Our results concerning the influence of gender agree with published studies showing no association with the SCE frequency (87,92,96), although positive findings were also reported showing that women display a higher frequency of SCE comparatively to men (85). Also, no influence of age was observed in agreement with recent studies (85,92).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Nevertheless, in children, ETS exposure was associated with increased SCE (27). On the other hand, it is recognized that the measurement of SCEs in PBLs is a sensitive biomarker of exposure to cigarette smoke (32,33,(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91)(92). The cigarette smoke effect was not observed in our study, mainly constituted by light smokers (amount of daily cigarette consumption: 16.47 ± 7.25; range 3-30).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Occupational Settings: Effect and Susceptibility Biomarkers in Workers From Lisbon Restaurants and Bars

Vital

Antunes

Louro

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been recognized as a major health hazard by environmental and public health authorities worldwide. In Portugal, smoke-free laws are in force for some years, banning smoking in most indoor public spaces. However, in hospitality venues such as restaurants and bars, owners can still choose between a total smoke-free policy or a partial smoking restriction with designated smoking areas, if adequate reinforced ventilation systems are implemented. Despite that, a previous study showed that workers remained continuously exposed to higher ETS pollution in Lisbon restaurants and bars where smoking was still allowed, comparatively to total smoke-free venues. This was assessed by measurements of indoor PM2.5 and urinary cotinine, a biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure, demonstrating that partial smoking restrictions do not effectively protect workers from ETS. The aim of the present work was to characterize effect and susceptibility biomarkers in non-smokers from those hospitality venues occupationally exposed to ETS comparatively to non-exposed ones. A group of smokers was also included for comparison. The sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN) and comet assays in whole peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal cells, were used as biomarkers of genotoxicity. Furthermore, a comet assay after ex vivo challenge of leukocytes with an alkylating agent, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), was used to analyze the repair capacity of those cells. Genetic polymorphisms in genes associated with metabolism and DNA repair were also included. The results showed no clear association between occupational exposure to ETS and the induction of genotoxicity. Interestingly, the leukocytes from non-smoking ETS-exposed individuals displayed lower DNA damage levels in response to the ex vivo EMS challenge, in comparison to those from non-exposed workers, suggesting a possible adaptive response. The contribution of individual susceptibility to the effect biomarkers studied was unclear, deserving further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Occupational Settings: Effect and Susceptibility Biomarkers in Workers From Lisbon Restaurants and Bars

Vital

Antunes

Louro

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…CYP2C19*2 results from a guanine (G) to adenine (A) transition at position 681 in exon 5, producing an aberrant splicing site and encoding enzymes with decreased activity 42 . This polymorphism was related to genotoxicity in a previous study of Santovito et al, where CYP2C19 A/A subjects turned out to show a frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) significantly higher with respect to the CYP2C19 G/G homozygote genotypes 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…While some reports showed no effect of these polymorphisms in modulating the level of genomic damage 12 , 34 , 45 , 46 , others found a significant association. As example, Santovito et al 43 observed higher frequencies of SCEs, CAs, and Ab.C among pathologists with GSTT1 -null genotypes than in the reference group. Several other epidemiological studies evaluating exposure to organic solvents, reported the GSTM1 -null genotype associated with an increase in cytogenetic biomarkers, probably due to the absence of detoxification activity that may affect the amount of DNA damage 48 , 49 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of phase I, phase II, and DNA-repair gene polymorphisms in the damage induced by formaldehyde in pathologists

Ghelli

Cocchi

Buglisi

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Formaldehyde (FA) is a human carcinogen used as formalin in hospital laboratories. We evaluated its association with human chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and the risk/protective role played by several genetic polymorphisms in this relationship, on a cohort of 57 exposed pathologists vs 48 controls. All subjects were assessed for CAs on peripheral blood lymphocytes and genotyped for the most common cancer-associated gene polymorphisms which could be related with the genotoxic outcome: CYP1A1 exon 7 (A>G), CYP1A1*2A (T>C), CYP2C19*2 (G>A), GSTT1 (Positive/Null), GSTM1 (Positive/null), GSTP1 (A>G), XRCC1 (G399A), XRCC1 (C194T), XRCC1 (A280G), XPD (A751C), XPC exon 15 (A939C), XPC exon 9 (C499T), TNFα − 308 (G>A), IL10 − 1082 (G>A), IL10 − 819 (C>T) and IL6 − 174 (G>C). Air-FA concentration was assessed through personal samplers. The comparison between pathologists and controls showed a significantly higher CAs frequency in pathologists. Significant positive correlations were found between CAs frequency and air-FA concentration while significant associations were found between variation in CAs frequency and the mutated allele for CYP1A1 exon 7 (A>G), CYP2C19*2 (G>A), GSTT1-positive, GSTM1-positive and XRCC1 (G399A). Our study confirms the role of FA as genotoxicity inductor, even in workers chronically exposed to low air-FA levels and reveals the role played by some genetic polymorphisms in this association, highlighting the importance of individual susceptibility biomarkers assessment in occupational health studies.

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“…In our previous in vivo studies involving a larger number of subjects, the results related to a possible role of sex in determining the level of genomic damage were conflicting. Indeed, a positive association between the frequencies of CAs, sister chromatid exchanges and sex was found by our group in two control populations (n = 101 and n = 230, respectively), with females showing higher levels of genomic damage (Santovito et al, 2017), whereas in another study this association was not observed (Santovito et al, 2016) Finally, the CBPI value was decreased with CHT treatments. However, this reduction was not statistically significant, indicating that CHT does not seem to produce significant effects on the proliferation/mitotic index when its concentration is equal or less than 0.020 µg/mL.…”

Section: 2 Effect Of Cht On Mns Formationmentioning

confidence: 49%

Genomic damage induced by the widely used fungicide chlorothalonil in peripheral human lymphocytes

Santovito

Gendusa

Ferraro

et al. 2018

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Chlorothalonil is an important broad spectrum fungicide widely used in agriculture, silviculture, and urban settings. As a result of its massive use, chlorothalonil was found in all environmental matrices, with consequent risks to the health of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, as well as for humans. We analyzed the effects of chlorothalonil on human lymphocytes using in vitro chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MNi) assays. Lymphocytes were exposed to five concentrations of chlorothalonil: 0.600 µg/mL, 0.060 µg/mL, 0.030 µg/mL, 0.020 µg/mL, and 0.015 µg/mL, where 0.020 and 0.600 µg/mL represent the ADI and the ARfD concentration values, respectively, established by FAO/WHO for this compound; 0.030 and 0.060 μg/mL represent intermediate values of these concentrations and 0.015 μg/mL represents the ADI value established by the Canadian health and welfare agency. We observed cytogenetic effects of chlorothalonil on cultured human lymphocytes in terms of increased CAs and MNi frequencies at all tested concentrations, including the FAO/WHO ADI and ARfD values of 0.020 and 0.600 μg/mL, respectively, but with exception of the Canadian ADI value of 0.015 μg/mL. Finally, no sexes differences were found in the levels of CAs and MNi induced by different chlorothalonil concentrations. Similarly, the mitotic index and the cytokinesis-block proliferation index did not show any significant effect on the proliferative capacity of the cells, although at the chlorothalonil concentration of 0.600 μg/mL the P-values of both indices were borderline.

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Evaluation of baseline frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in an Italian population according to age, sex, smoking habits, and gene polymorphisms

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Occupational Settings: Effect and Susceptibility Biomarkers in Workers From Lisbon Restaurants and Bars

Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Occupational Settings: Effect and Susceptibility Biomarkers in Workers From Lisbon Restaurants and Bars

The role of phase I, phase II, and DNA-repair gene polymorphisms in the damage induced by formaldehyde in pathologists

Genomic damage induced by the widely used fungicide chlorothalonil in peripheral human lymphocytes

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