Evaluation of Aβ Deposits in the Hippocampus of a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease After Intravenous Injection of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells by Immuno- and Thioflavin S-Costaining

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neuropsychiatric disorder that gradually impairs memory and behavioral functions. Amyloid beta (Aβ) is considered as the most toxic substance in the brain of AD patients. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate Aβ deposits by Immuno-and Thioflavin S-costaining in the hippocampus of a rat model of AD after intravenous injection of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Methods: Thirty-two male rats were included in the four groups of control, sham, AD and hADSCs. The hADSCs characterization was confirmed by the flow cytometry technique. Immuno-and Thioflavin S-costaining was utilized for detecting Aβ plaques in the hippocampus of a rat model of AD following injection of hADSCs. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that Aβ plaques increased significantly in the AD group compared to the control and sham groups. The administration of hADSCs significantly decreased immunoreactivity and Thio-S-positive plaques in the AD group. We also found that the plaques detected by anti-Aβ antibody (immunohistochemical staining) were significantly more than those distinguished by Thioflavin-S in all the groups. Conclusions: Results showed that hADSCs played an effective role in decreasing amyloids aggregation following migration to the hippocampus of the rat model of AD.

Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells as a potential candidate in treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review on preclinical studies

“…The systematic and manual search in databases resulted in 1134 articles, of which 789 were non‐duplicated. Next, the title and abstract screen were performed to eliminate 770 articles, and from the remaining 19 articles, 10 were included in our systematic review 16 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 (Figure 1 ). From the included studies, five were performed on rats and five were performed on mice.…”

“…Overall, seven articles evaluated the therapeutic effects of ADSCs in different animal models of AD. 16 , 22 , 26 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 Although an explicit meta‐analysis was not applicable to the included results, an overview of these investigations could help to understand the potential effects and mechanisms of ADSCs administration in experimental models of AD. These studies evaluated the behavioral tests as well as histopathological assessments in AD animal models after application of ADSCs.…”

“…The effects of ADSCs on Aβ deposits in different brain regions were evaluated in four studies 16,22,26,33 . As a result of ADSCs treatment, a significant reduction of the number of plaques in the hippocampus was shown in AD animal models in three studies, 16,22,33 while two studies observed a decrease in the number of plaques in the neocortex 16,22 . Ma et al have reported a significant decrease of the Aβ plaques after the treatment with ADSCs, both in the neocortex and hippocampus, in an animal model of AD 22 .…”

“…The effects of ADSCs on Aβ deposits in different brain regions were evaluated in four studies 16,22,26,33 . As a result of ADSCs treatment, a significant reduction of the number of plaques in the hippocampus was shown in AD animal models in three studies, 16,22,33 while two studies observed a decrease in the number of plaques in the neocortex 16,22 .…”

Human adipose-derived stem cells reduce receptor-interacting protein 1, receptor-interacting protein 3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase as necroptotic markers in rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

“…Our previous research revealed the same findings. [ 16 ] Investigations suggest that there are many reasons for AD; therefore, aiming the neurodegeneration process is important, as it may have useful effects in developing new strategies for the treatment of AD. Neuronal loss is a crucial characteristic of AD and is constantly found in various regions of the brain.…”