Evaluation of AVI and DRASTIC Methods for Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping

Anornu, G. K.; Kabo-bah, Amos T.

doi:10.5296/jee.v4i2.4961

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…AVI and DRASTIC are both suitable for porous aquifers. The limitation of the AVI method, revealed in previous studies [19,21] and confirmed by this study, consists of low differentiations of areas at different degrees of vulnerability, especially in alluvial aquifers as well as with a prevalence of the highest class of vulnerability. Some authors argue that the degree of susceptibility/vulnerability is exaggerated by AVI [24].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The AVI (Aquifer Vulnerability Index) method [14] was developed a few years after DRASTIC, utilizes the potential offered by GIS systems, and has also been widely used because it has the advantage of using only two physical parameters. Comparisons between these two methods [10,[15][16][17][18][19][20] demonstrate that both AVI and DRASTIC are suitable for predicting the pollution potential for porous aquifers. The AVI method tends towards higher vulnerability outcomes than DRASTIC, especially in shallow aquifers [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Modified AVI Model for Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping: Case Studies in Southern Italy

Ducci

Sellerino

2022

Water

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Many methods for evaluating the aquifer’s vulnerability to pollution have been developed in the past four decades by using geographic information system (GIS) tools. However, even if the aquifer vulnerability concept is well defined and the methods have been constantly tested and compared, the problem of the choice of the best “standard” method remains. To meet these objectives, aquifer vulnerability maps are of crucial importance. The choice of method depends on several factors, including the scale of the project, the hydrogeological characteristics of the area, and data availability. Among the many methods, the AVI (Aquifer Vulnerability Index) method has been widely used as it considers only two physical parameters. The AVI Index represents the hydraulic resistance of an aquifer to vertical flow, as a ratio between the thickness of each sedimentary unit above the uppermost aquifer (D, length), and the estimated hydraulic conductivity (K, length/time) of each of these layers. The AVI Index has a time dimension and is divided into five classes. In order to avoid a widespread presence of the higher vulnerability classes, especially in shallow aquifers, the AVI classification has been modified using statistical methods. The study reports the application of the modified AVI method for groundwater pollution vulnerability, in three different areas of southern Italy, highlighting the limitations of the method in alluvial aquifers and the differences with other methods.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modified AVI Model for Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping: Case Studies in Southern Italy

Ducci

Sellerino

2022

Water

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“…To com pare maps of in trin sic ground wa ter vul ner a bil ity, each vul ner a bil ity method was di vided into 5 classes with prescribed re la tion ships (Ta ble 2). The in fil tra tion travel-time classes are dif fer ently di vided in lit er a ture: from 1 week to 1 year (Debernardi et al, 2008); from 0 years to >10,000 years (Anornu and Kabo-bah, 2013); from 0 years to >30 years (Krogulec, 2006); from <5 years to >100 years (Witczak et al, 2007); from <1 year to > 25 years (Schwartz, 2006). If real val ues are given in the text, such as years, re sults re main com pa ra ble.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater vulnerability based on four different assessment methods and their quantitative comparison in a typical North European Lowland river catchment (the Pliszka River catchment, western Poland)

Hermanowski

Ignaszak²

2016

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Ground wa ter vul ner a bil ity based on four dif fer ent as sess ment meth ods and their quan ti ta tive com par i son in a typ i cal North Eu ro pean Low land river catch ment (the Pliszka River catch ment, west ern Po land) The as sess ment of ground wa ter vul ner a bil ity is a cru cial part of plan ning and wa ter man age ment be cause it can iden tify areas where aqui fers are more sus cep ti ble to con tam i na tion. De pend ing on the vul ner a bil ity as sess ment method, the re sults can dif fer sig nif i cantly. Con se quently, dif fer ent meth ods can pro vide am big u ous in for ma tion that could fur ther in flu ence de cision-mak ing pro cesses in plan ning or wa ter man age ment. For the Pliszka River catch ment, the in trin sic ground wa ter vul nera bil ity of the up per most aqui fer was es ti mated us ing four dif fer ent meth ods: DRASTIC, GOD, and two meth ods that are based on em pir i cal for mu las of wa ter res i dence time in an un sat u rated zone. The in put data in clude a se ries of the matic maps sup ple mented by 1,322 shal low bore hole pro files and lab o ra tory tests of sam ples col lected in the course of field work. The col lected data were pro cessed in GIS soft ware, and the re sults of each method were mapped in high res o lu tion. The result ing maps of ground wa ter vul ner a bil ity were then quan ti ta tively com pared to val i date their ap pli ca bil ity for the as sess ment of ground wa ter vul ner a bil ity in a typ i cal North Eu ro pean Low land river catch ment. The maps gen er ated by the DRASTIC and GOD meth ods are dom i nated by ar eas with mod er ately high (54.6 and 48.4%, re spec tively) and mod er ate ground wa ter vulner a bil ity (32.7 and 32.3%, re spec tively). No ar eas of high ground wa ter vul ner a bil ity are pres ent. One of the wa ter res i dence time meth ods pro vides re sults sim i lar to the pre vi ous meth ods at the catch ment scale, and one method yields high groundwa ter vul ner a bil ity val ues for the ma jor ity of area.

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“…Freshwater, a critical and indispensable resource for life, faces escalating threats due to the growing populations and rapid industrialization, particularly in regions rich in petroleum resources, such as the Niger Delta in Nigeria [1,2]. The intricate interplay of natural processes and human activities significantly influences the quality of water in these areas [3]. When untouched by human influence, water quality is shaped by natural phenomena like weathering, evapo-transpiration, and biological interactions, resulting in the presence of various dissolved substances and particulate matter, essential for the health of aquatic ecosystems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemophysical and Metallic Characterization of Surface Water and Precipitation for Environmental Quality Assessment in Oyigbo L.G.A., Rivers State, Nigeria

Ahmed,

Udom,

Obafemi

2024

JOGEE

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This study investigates the repercussions of oil industry operations on environmental quality in the Niger Delta, with a specific focus on atmospheric soot contamination. By conducting chemophysical and metallic characterization of surface water (river) and precipitation (rain) in Oyigbo, Rivers State, Nigeria, the research evaluates various chemical and physical parameters, like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, as well as concentrations of heavy metals like lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). The findings uncover a slightly acidic to neutral pH in water samples. The elevated EC in the Imo River, while meeting WHO standards, highlights the delicate balance between industrial development and environmental health. Turbidity values, meeting WHO standards but exceeding limits in some rainwater samples, prompt scrutiny of anthropogenic influences, with fishing and sand mining emerging as potential contributors to river turbidity, while TSS values, though higher along the Imo River, remain within WHO standards. Results reveal Cd, Cu, and Zn adhere to standards, while the elevated Pb levels necessitate further exploration into contamination sources. The heavy metals pollution index (HPI) categorizes the area as polluted and identifies lead as the primary contributor, underlining the urgency of interventions. The potential ecological risks index (PERI) classifies the pollution risk as slight, indicating a low ecological risk level, and reveals risk hierarchies, in the order of metals contributing to pollution as Pb > Cu > Cd > Zn for both river and rainwater. This study unravels the relationship between industrial activities and water quality in Oyigbo, contributing substantively to sustainable water resources and environmental management. The detailed findings stand as a cornerstone for informed decision-making, aiming to mitigate environmental impacts and safeguard ecosystems and communities reliant on vital water sources.

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Evaluation of AVI and DRASTIC Methods for Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

A Modified AVI Model for Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping: Case Studies in Southern Italy

A Modified AVI Model for Groundwater Vulnerability Mapping: Case Studies in Southern Italy

Groundwater vulnerability based on four different assessment methods and their quantitative comparison in a typical North European Lowland river catchment (the Pliszka River catchment, western Poland)

Chemophysical and Metallic Characterization of Surface Water and Precipitation for Environmental Quality Assessment in Oyigbo L.G.A., Rivers State, Nigeria

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