Evaluation of Available Cognitive Tools Used to Measure Mild Cognitive Decline: A Scoping Review

Chun, Chian Thong; Seward, Kirsty; Patterson, Amanda; Melton, A W; MacDonald‐Wicks, Lesley

doi:10.3390/nu13113974

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The 26.1-point cut-off seemed to show an adequate performance in this sense. This result follows in the literature’s footsteps, which firstly focused on the 24-point cutoff [ 8 , 23 , 24 ], while more recent studies considered higher scores as the optimal cut-off, in particular the 26-point cut-off [ 25 , 26 ], though MMSE remains less sensitive than other tools, even though it is widely used [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Mini-Mental State Examination: Optimal Cut-Off Levels for Mild and Severe Cognitive Impairment

2023

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Considering the need to intercept neurocognitive damage as soon as possible, it would be useful to extend cognitive test screening throughout the population. Here, we propose differential cut-off levels that can be used to identify mild and severe cognitive impairment with a simple and widely used first-level neurocognitive screening test: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We studied a population of 262 patients referred for cognitive impairment testing using the MMSE and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), a neuropsychological battery. The sample consisted of 262 participants with mean age 73.8 years (60–87), of whom 154 (58.8%) women. No significant gender-related differences in cognitive ability were identified. The two tests (MMSE and RBANS) showed a moderate correlation in identifying cognitive deficit. We used RBANS as a categorial variable to identify different degrees of cognitive impairment. Youden’s J indexes were used to consider the better sensitivity/specificity balance in the 24-point cut-off score for severe cognitive deficit, 29.7-point score for mild cognitive deficit, and 26.1-point score for both mild and severe cognitive deficit. The study shows that the MMSE does not identify early cognitive impairment. Though different cut-offs are needed to discriminate different impairment degrees, the 26.1-point score seems to be preferable to the others.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Mini-Mental State Examination: Optimal Cut-Off Levels for Mild and Severe Cognitive Impairment

2023

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“…As a cognitive screening tool, the MMSE test is extensively applied 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1013698 for the early detection of cognitive impairment and it has been validated in schizophrenia (22,23). The total score of MMSE is 30 and the cut-off point used for cognitive impairment screening was 26, which was considered to be good at discriminating cognitive impairments using MMSE in a previous scoping review (24). Thus, patients with MMSE scores of 26 and below were considered to have cognitive impairments.…”

Section: Cognitive Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between lipid metabolism and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia

Liu

Huang

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe association between blood lipids and cognitive function in schizophrenia is still controversial. Thus, the present study aimed to verify the association between various lipid parameters and cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients and potential lipid pathways.MethodsA total of 447 adult inpatients with schizophrenia were divided into cognitive normal and cognitive impairment groups based on the Mini-Mental State Examination with a cut-off of 26. The blood lipid parameters were defined as abnormal levels based on the guideline. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used to preliminarily explore the potential lipid metabolism pathway associated with cognitive impairment.ResultsThere were 368 (82.3%) patients who had cognitive impairment. Herein, apolipoprotein B was positively associated with cognitive function in overall patients and age (≥45 and <45 years) and sex subgroups. After excluding patients with hypertension and diabetes, ApoB was still significantly associated with cognitive function in all the patients. The associations between other lipid parameters, including non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride, and cognitive impairment were heterogeneous in age and sex subgroups. In contrast, total cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Metabolomics analysis showed that metabolic pathway mainly involved sphingolipid metabolism. Meanwhile, sphinganine and 3-dehydrosphinganine were positively correlated with lipid parameters and decreased in patients with cognitive impairment as compared to those with normal cognition.ConclusionsThe present study suggests a positive association between lipids and cognitive function in schizophrenic patients and needs to be further verified by a prospective study.

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“…So far, the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) have been known as the neuropsychological tests that detect cognitive decline and sensitively discriminate between MCI and AD 7–10 . These tests conducted are in‐person, and individuals respond to questions using paper and pencil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of a computerized cognitive function evaluation battery (CogEvo) as a screening tool

Sawada

Satoh²,

Saba³

et al. 2023

PCN Reports

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Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of cognitive function evaluation battery, CogEvo, a recently developed computerized cognitive function evaluation battery, as a screening tool for decreased cognitive function. Methods:The study sample comprised 123 (age: 57-97 years) community-dwelling elderly people. They were required to perform five CogEvo tasks and complete two questions-based neuropsychological tests, including the Mini-Mental State Examination, so that the correlations could be analyzed. The validity and reliability of CogEvo were examined using factor analysis, MacDonald's omega reliability coefficient, logistic regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed the orientation/spatial cognitive function (orientation and spatial cognition) and attention/executive function (attention, memory, and execution) factors. Structural validity was supported by confirmatory factor analysis.All two-factor-based subtasks showed adequate internal consistency (MacDonald's omega ≥0.6). The total CogEvo score and two-factor scores were significantly correlated with neuropsychological test results. Based on the total CogEvo score, the cognitively normal and cognitive decline groups were identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a moderate predictive performance. The cognitive decline group was well identified using the orientation/spatial cognitive function factor.Conclusions: CogEvo is a valid and reliable screening tool for cognitive function evaluation. It proved useful in the early identification of cognitive decline in our study sample.

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Evaluation of Available Cognitive Tools Used to Measure Mild Cognitive Decline: A Scoping Review

Cited by 32 publications

References 66 publications

Mini-Mental State Examination: Optimal Cut-Off Levels for Mild and Severe Cognitive Impairment

Mini-Mental State Examination: Optimal Cut-Off Levels for Mild and Severe Cognitive Impairment

Association between lipid metabolism and cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia

Validity and reliability of a computerized cognitive function evaluation battery (CogEvo) as a screening tool

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