Evaluation of artificial intertidal enclosures for Gracilaria farming in southern Chile

Bravo, A.; Valenzuela, Marcia; Uribe, Matilde; Vergara, Pedro A.; Buitano, M.S.

doi:10.1016/0144-8609(92)90005-i

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…chilensis Bravo et al (1992); Buschmann et al (1994a) Anderson et al (199V;Chiang (1981Chiang ( ,1992; Lipkin (1985); Santelices & Doty (1989) Edding et al (1987) …”

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confidence: 97%

Epiphytism and fouling in Gracilaria cultivation: an overview

Fletcher

1995

J Appl Phycol

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Epiphytism is a major, world-wide problem in Gracilaria cultivation, severely reducing the productivity and cost efficiency of a diverse range of open-water and on-shore farms; the problem is especially acute in tank cultivation systems. The present paper provides an overview of the literature on epiphytism and fouling in the Gracilaria mariculture industry. Topics considered include the identity of the main epiphytes and fouling organisms, aspects of their ecology and biology which contribute towards their success as contaminants, the detrimental effects which epiphytes exert on the host plants, and the range of physical, chemical and biological control methods currently available. Recent changes in approach, with less descriptive information and more emphasis on experimental studies of Gracilaria-epiphyte interactions, are welcomed, as these offer hope for the development of improved control measures.

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“…chilensis Bravo et al (1992); Buschmann et al (1994a) Anderson et al (199V;Chiang (1981Chiang ( ,1992; Lipkin (1985); Santelices & Doty (1989) Edding et al (1987) …”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Epiphytism and fouling in Gracilaria cultivation: an overview

Fletcher

1995

J Appl Phycol

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“…Gracilaria chilensis seems to be able to utilize ammonium very efficiently in tank culture systems Buschmann et al ., 1994b) . However, enclosures installed in intertidal areas for Gracilaria cultivation do not require fertilization to maintain a high biomass production (Bravo et al ., 1992) . Furthermore, the results obtained in this study suggest that nutrients do not affect G. chilensis production, as no significant difference was recorded between dead and live mussel treatments .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gracilaria-Mytilus interaction on a commercial algal farm in Chile

Retamales

1996

Hydrobiologia

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Mytilus chilensis is an invertebrate that competes for space with the alga Gracilaria chilensis in farmed areas in Chile and, for this reason, is considered a contaminant organism . Mussel beds are considered to play a role in the regeneration of nitrogen and, as a consequence, they could be an important source of ammonium for the algae . In this study, we manipulated the mussel cover in experimental plots, creating replicated areas with 0%, 30% and 60% coverage. In half of the plots the mussels were killed with a gas torch so their effect would be mechanical, without nutrient regeneration . After 15 days, each plot was planted with 12 G. chilensis bundles (100 g each) per square meter. Ammonium concentrations increased significantly in the waters around the mussel bed in contrast to areas without mussels or dead mussels . Mussel cover had a significant negative effect on the length of the G . chilensis bundles planted in the experimental plots . However, no significant differences were detected between experimental quadrats with live mussels and those with dead mussels during a 5 month period . These results indicate that the mechanical effect of the mussel can, to some extent, be responsible for the decline in G. chilensis abundance in farms where mussel beds have been established .

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“…For this reason efforts have been made to look for alternative technologies. In intertidal systems Bravo et at (1992) have argued that intertidal enclosures can be installed in the high intertidal areas in which the seawater is exchanged twice daily by the tidal regime. Bravo et al (1992) obtained 30% higher biomass production than the traditional farmers in intertidal systems, with improved agar yield and tolerable epiphytism levels.…”

Section: Problems and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In intertidal systems Bravo et at (1992) have argued that intertidal enclosures can be installed in the high intertidal areas in which the seawater is exchanged twice daily by the tidal regime. Bravo et al (1992) obtained 30% higher biomass production than the traditional farmers in intertidal systems, with improved agar yield and tolerable epiphytism levels. As water replacement was carried out during high tidal periods, no pumping costs were incurred and fertilization W normally is used in similar cultivation systems (anisak, 1987) PREVALENCE ( was not necessary.…”

Section: Problems and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultivation of Gracilaria on the sea-bottom in southern Chile: a review

1995

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This review contains information about the cultivation techniques, strategies, problems and new challenges faced as well as an economic analysis of the income-producing capacity of Gracilaria farming, considering the variability of environmental systems where this alga is cultivated in southern Chile. The development of Gracilaria farming in Chile was made possible by an increased market demand, as well as the existence of basic knowledge that permitted the management of wild stocks and the initiation of cultivation practices. Subtidal cultivation systems appear to be more productive than intertidal systems and are less susceptible to wave action than intertidal cultivation areas. In relation to farming practices, this difference implies that planting and harvesting methods and strategies vary between habitats where cultivation is being carried out on a commercial scale. Several problems such as the environmental impact of different cultivation methods adopted by the farmers, the management of contaminating organisms and strain selection appear to be important and new areas for future research. Finally, an analysis of the income-producing capacity indicates that environmental differences also have important consequences for the management strategies of Gracilaria cultivation.

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Evaluation of artificial intertidal enclosures for Gracilaria farming in southern Chile

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Epiphytism and fouling in Gracilaria cultivation: an overview

Epiphytism and fouling in Gracilaria cultivation: an overview

Gracilaria-Mytilus interaction on a commercial algal farm in Chile

Cultivation of Gracilaria on the sea-bottom in southern Chile: a review

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