Evaluation of aqueous tear production in dogs following general anesthesia

Herring, Ian P.; Pickett, J. Phillip; Champagne, Erin S.; Marini, M

doi:10.5326/15473317-36-5-427

Cited by 67 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Changes in these three parameters before, during or after intraocular/corneal ophthalmic surgery can dramatically affect the outcome, increasing the risk of intraocular complications (Neel and others 1995, Herring and others 2000). A normal to slightly lower than normal IOP, a central and fixed globe, and physiological tear production are desirable before and during ocular surgery (Murphy 1985, Herring and others 2000, Gross and Giuliano 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alfaxalone versus propofol in dogs: a randomised trial to assess effects on peri‐induction tear production, intraocular pressure and globe position

et al. 2015

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The purpose of this randomised trial was to compare the effects of alfaxalone and propofol on tear production (STT-1), intraocular pressure (IOP) and globe position (GP) in healthy dogs. Fourteen Beagles were randomly divided into two groups; dogs in one group received alfaxalone (3 mg/kg) (n=7) and dogs in the other group received propofol (6 mg/kg) (n=7), both administered intravenously. IOP and GP were evaluated at basal time (Tb) and T2,5,10,15,20,25&30 (minutes after complete drug administration). STT-1 was evaluated at Tb and T10,20&30. STT-1 and IOP results were analysed using analysis of variance and GP was analysed using the likelihood ratio χ(2) test. Dogs in the alfaxalone group showed a significant reduction in STT-1 at T10&20 (P<0.05), while the propofol group did not show statistically significant differences in this parameter over time. Both anaesthetic drugs produced a transient elevation of IOP at T2 (P>0.05), which then decreased (P<0.01). While alfaxalone caused a ventral globe deviation that lasted from T2 to T10 (P<0.05) and was fully recovered at T30, propofol induced a ventral globe deviation from T2 to T5 (P<0.05), being restored at T20. These results suggest that both alfaxalone and propofol can be safely used for intraocular surgery, as they significantly reduce IOP. Furthermore, anaesthetic induction with propofol would be especially recommended for dogs with tear deficiencies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alfaxalone versus propofol in dogs: a randomised trial to assess effects on peri‐induction tear production, intraocular pressure and globe position

et al. 2015

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“…However, most of anesthetics induce miosis (Bechara, 2002;Slatter, 2005a;Gross & Giuliano, 2007) and reduction of tear production, thus requiring corneal lubrication during these anesthesia procedures (Krupin et al, 1977;Brightman et al 1983;Herring et al 2000;Pontes et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of pupil diameter and tear production in dogs treated with acepromazine, tramadol and their combination

Santos¹,

Pontes²,

Pinto³

et al. 2013

Rev. Ceres

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RESUMODiâmetro pupilar e produção lacrimal comparados em cães tratados com acepromazina, tramadol e sua associaçãoAlguns procedimentos cirúrgicos oftálmicos requerem a obtenção de midríase, entretanto, os fármacos tradicionalmente utilizados com esta finalidade reduzem significativamente a produção lacrimal. Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da acepromazina e do tramadol, utilizados isoladamente, ou em conjunto, sobre o diâmetro pupilar, a produção lacrimal, as frequências cardíaca e respiratória, a pressão arterial sistólica e a temperatura retal, esses fármacos foram administrados em sete cães clinicamente normais, que integraram três grupos experimentais (G1 -acepromazina; G2 -tramadol; G3 -acepromazina + tramadol), diferenciando-se apenas quanto ao protocolo tranquilizante utilizado. Os parâmetros foram mensurados em quatro momentos experimentais. Houve miose no G1, além da redução da produção lacrimal e da frequência respiratória. Verificou-se que, no G2, não houve alterações significativas nos parâmetros avaliados e, no G3, verificou-se a diminuição da produção lacrimal do olho direito, da frequência respiratória e da Received: 26/12/2012; Accepted: 25/01/2013 Comparison of pupil diameter and tear production in dogs treated with acepromazine, tramadol and their combination 1 Some ophthalmic surgeries require induction of mydriasis, however, drugs traditionally used for this purpose significantly reduces tear production. To evaluate the effect of acepromazine and tramadol, used alone or in combination, on pupil diameter, tear production, heart and respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure and rectal temperature, these drugs were administered to seven clinically normal dogs divided into three experimental groups (G1 -acepromazine; G2 -tramadol; G3 -tramadol + acepromazine) that differed only in the sedation protocol. Parameters were measured in four experimental moments. Miosis occurred in G1, in addition to reduced tear production and respiratory rate. No significant changes were found in the parameters assessed in G2, whereas in G3, there was decrease in tear production of the right eye, decrease in the respiratory rate and rectal temperature. Tramadol proved to be a drug suitable for pre-anesthetic procedures that require the maintenance of pupil diameter and keeps the tear production within normal parameters. However, the use of acepromazine alone or in combination with tramadol requires protection of the patient's eye surface to prevent the occurrence of undesirable ophthalmic changes.

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“…Herring et al (2000) reported that tear production was decreased during and for up to 24 h after general anesthesia and that general anesthesia lasting more than 2 h had a significantly greater impact on postoperative tear production than shorter procedures. 6 Conversely, Shepard et al (2011) demonstrated that tear production returned to normal immediately after short (1 h) and long (4 h) episodes of anesthesia when either isoflurane or desflurane was used as the sole anesthetic agent. 7 Multiple drugs (premedicants, injectable induction agents) were used in the earlier study, including atropine, which may account for the different findings.…”

Section: Tear Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic Disease

Lerche

2014

Canine and Feline Anesthesia and Co‐Existing Disease

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Evaluation of aqueous tear production in dogs following general anesthesia

Cited by 67 publications

References 4 publications

Alfaxalone versus propofol in dogs: a randomised trial to assess effects on peri‐induction tear production, intraocular pressure and globe position

Alfaxalone versus propofol in dogs: a randomised trial to assess effects on peri‐induction tear production, intraocular pressure and globe position

Comparison of pupil diameter and tear production in dogs treated with acepromazine, tramadol and their combination

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